CHLH 101 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
Racial and ethnic classifications, sources of health data on race/ethnicity, challenges
with this data - Answer -Classifications used to operationalize race and ethnicity
Race- American Indian/Alaskan Native, Asian, Black, Pacific Islander, and White
Ethnicity-Hispanic origin or not of hispanic origin
challenges: incomplete, inaccurate, different in different places/surveys, heterogeneity
within groups
Demographics- current and future (minority) - Answer -now: Blacks 13.1%
American Indian/Alaskan Native 1.2%
Asian 5%
Native Hawaiian 0.2%
Hispanic/Latino 16.7%
Mixed- 2.3%
future:
percentage of whites decreasing
hispanic percentage increase
other races slight increase
Socioeconomic status (SES) - Answer -many factors contribute to health disparities-
economic, educational, behavioral, cultural, legal, and political
most influential single contributor to premature morbidity and mortality
association between SES and race/ethnicity is complicated and cannot fully explain all
disparity
Definitions- immigrants, refugees, undocumented - Answer -immigrants- migrate from
other countries to set up residence in another country
refugees- people who flee their homes from danger
undocumented-entered a country without permission
Education, income, and poverty for main racial/ethnic groups in the US - Answer -
Hispanics: lower education, lower incomes, higher poverty rates
Blacks: lower education, lower incomes, higher poverty rates
Asians:higher education, higher incomes, lower poverty rates but varies dramatically
Pacific Islander: lower education, lower incomes, higher poverty
American Indian/Alaskan Natives: lower education, lower incomes, higher poverty rates
Health disparities- understand causal factors, know key health disparities that exist in
the US - Answer -differences in health between different populations
linked to social, economic, and or environmental disadvantage
How health can change over the years for people new to the US - Answer -many come
to US with healthier behaviors which change over time in US
, Race and Health Initiative- the 6 focus areas - Answer -1. Adult and child
immunizations-children get immunized for schools, adults rate lower
2. cancer screening and management- less primary and secondary prevention
3. cardiovascular disease- death rates vary, blacks have higher prevalence for
hypertension
4. diabetes- higher in minority groups
5. HIV/AIDS-increased in blacks and hispanics
6. infant mortality- higher rates and serious disparity
Native Americans and the Indian Health Service - Answer -responsible for federal
health services to Native Americans and Alaska Native
goal to raise health status to highest possible level
Family and reproductive health - Answer -families are primary unit in which infants and
children are nurtured and supported regarding their healthy development
lots of variety in what family looks like:
changed over time
depends on social and cultural norms and values
Teenage births - Answer -less likely to receive early prenatal care
more likely to:
smoke, have preterm birth, low birth weight, pregnancy complications
1/3 teenage girls gets pregnant at least once before 20
drop out of school
not get married or divorce
rely on public assistance
live in poverty
Family planning - Answer -determining the preferred number and spacing of children
and choosing appropriate means to accomplish it
community
community involvement in family planning and care included governmental and
nongovernmental organizations
Maternal health and prenatal care - Answer -health of women in childbearing years
included pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, and caring for young children
medical care from time of conception until birth process
three major- risk assessment, treatment of medical conditions, risk reduction, education
early an continuous prenatal care leads to better pregnancy outcomes
Infant health - Answer -mother's health and her health behavior prior to and during
pregnancy
mothers level of prenatal care
quality of delivery
nutrition
immunizations
Racial and ethnic classifications, sources of health data on race/ethnicity, challenges
with this data - Answer -Classifications used to operationalize race and ethnicity
Race- American Indian/Alaskan Native, Asian, Black, Pacific Islander, and White
Ethnicity-Hispanic origin or not of hispanic origin
challenges: incomplete, inaccurate, different in different places/surveys, heterogeneity
within groups
Demographics- current and future (minority) - Answer -now: Blacks 13.1%
American Indian/Alaskan Native 1.2%
Asian 5%
Native Hawaiian 0.2%
Hispanic/Latino 16.7%
Mixed- 2.3%
future:
percentage of whites decreasing
hispanic percentage increase
other races slight increase
Socioeconomic status (SES) - Answer -many factors contribute to health disparities-
economic, educational, behavioral, cultural, legal, and political
most influential single contributor to premature morbidity and mortality
association between SES and race/ethnicity is complicated and cannot fully explain all
disparity
Definitions- immigrants, refugees, undocumented - Answer -immigrants- migrate from
other countries to set up residence in another country
refugees- people who flee their homes from danger
undocumented-entered a country without permission
Education, income, and poverty for main racial/ethnic groups in the US - Answer -
Hispanics: lower education, lower incomes, higher poverty rates
Blacks: lower education, lower incomes, higher poverty rates
Asians:higher education, higher incomes, lower poverty rates but varies dramatically
Pacific Islander: lower education, lower incomes, higher poverty
American Indian/Alaskan Natives: lower education, lower incomes, higher poverty rates
Health disparities- understand causal factors, know key health disparities that exist in
the US - Answer -differences in health between different populations
linked to social, economic, and or environmental disadvantage
How health can change over the years for people new to the US - Answer -many come
to US with healthier behaviors which change over time in US
, Race and Health Initiative- the 6 focus areas - Answer -1. Adult and child
immunizations-children get immunized for schools, adults rate lower
2. cancer screening and management- less primary and secondary prevention
3. cardiovascular disease- death rates vary, blacks have higher prevalence for
hypertension
4. diabetes- higher in minority groups
5. HIV/AIDS-increased in blacks and hispanics
6. infant mortality- higher rates and serious disparity
Native Americans and the Indian Health Service - Answer -responsible for federal
health services to Native Americans and Alaska Native
goal to raise health status to highest possible level
Family and reproductive health - Answer -families are primary unit in which infants and
children are nurtured and supported regarding their healthy development
lots of variety in what family looks like:
changed over time
depends on social and cultural norms and values
Teenage births - Answer -less likely to receive early prenatal care
more likely to:
smoke, have preterm birth, low birth weight, pregnancy complications
1/3 teenage girls gets pregnant at least once before 20
drop out of school
not get married or divorce
rely on public assistance
live in poverty
Family planning - Answer -determining the preferred number and spacing of children
and choosing appropriate means to accomplish it
community
community involvement in family planning and care included governmental and
nongovernmental organizations
Maternal health and prenatal care - Answer -health of women in childbearing years
included pre-pregnancy, pregnancy, and caring for young children
medical care from time of conception until birth process
three major- risk assessment, treatment of medical conditions, risk reduction, education
early an continuous prenatal care leads to better pregnancy outcomes
Infant health - Answer -mother's health and her health behavior prior to and during
pregnancy
mothers level of prenatal care
quality of delivery
nutrition
immunizations
