1. Explain biodiversity.
2. What do you mean by food chain?
3. Differentiate between abiotic and biotic components of the environment with two
examples each.
4. Describe the role of microorganisms in the nitrogen cycle, highlighting at least three
different bacterial processes.
5. Explain the difference between global warming and climate change with one real-
world example of each.
6. Define ecosystem. Give two examples.
7. What is ecological succession? Explain briefly.
8. List three causes of air pollution and their effects.
9. What is sustainable development? State two principles.
10. Explain eutrophication with an example.
11. Write a detailed note on Bio-Geographical classification of India.
12. Write a note on biotic and abiotic components of environment.
13. What is the relation between global warming and climate change?
14. “The survival of biotic components largely depends on abiotic factors.” Discuss this
statement with examples from terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
15. Explain the concept of biodiversity and discuss its different types. What measures
can be taken for the protection and conservation of biodiversity at national and
global levels?
16. Explain the stages of the carbon cycle in detail with suitable diagrams. Evaluate how
deforestation and fossil fuel combustion influence the global carbon balance.
17. What is biodiversity conservation? Explain the difference between in-situ and ex-
situ methods of biodiversity protection with examples.
18. Critically analyze how global warming is not only an environmental issue but also an
economic and social challenge. Discuss with reference to its impact on agriculture,
business operations, and international trade.
19. Write a detailed note on renewable and non-renewable resources with examples.
20. Discuss the causes and consequences of deforestation in India. Suggest measures for
control.
21. Explain the structure and functions of an ecosystem.
22. Discuss the importance of environmental ethics in sustainable living.
23. Evaluate the role of international agreements (like Kyoto Protocol, Paris
Agreement) in tackling climate change.