PSYCHOLOGY
TOPIC: MOTIVATION
,Q. Definition of Motivation.
Ans: Motivation is an inner impulse that induces a person to act in a certain way.
Q. What are the components of motivation?
Answer: Components of motivation:
1. Activation: It involves the decision to initiate a behavior (such as enrolling in an
English class).
2. Persistence: It is the continued effort toward a goal even though obstacles may
exist.
3. Intensity: It can be seen in the concentration and vigor that goes into pursuing a
goal.
Q. What are the characteristics of motivation?
Answer: Characteristics of motivation:
1. It is a psychological process.
2. It is arousing interest in learning.
3. It is directing behavior.
4. It stimulates learning activity.
5. It releases the tension and helps in satisfying the needs of the learner.
6. It provides the energy and accelerates the behavior of the learner.
Q. Explain the types of motivation.
Answer: Types of Motives: There are three kinds of motives:
,1) Physiological/Primary Motives: Primary motives are essential for survival. They
must be satisfied first before you can take up any other activity. Primary motives
come to action when the physiological balance of the body is upset. This balance is
called homeostasis.
1. Hunger drive: When the food supply of the body has been exhausted,
certain biochemical changes take place in the tissues of the body. This
causes the stomach to contract which gives hunger pains. The hunger must
be satisfied in order to help the body to return to a physiological balance or
homeostasis.
2. Thirst drive: The tissues of the body lose fluid when fluids have not been
taken in. As a result, the mucous membranes of the throat become dry and
cause sensation of thirst.
3. Respiratory drive is the drive for air and oxygen. One cannot survive for
long without a regular supply of air or oxygen. If oxygen is not supplied
even for a short time, it is possible to experience brain damage, loss of
memory and control over one's body.
4. Sleep drive usually occurs at regular intervals for each person. When the
body continues activities without rest or sleep for a long time, it is possible
to experience confusion, inability to pay attention, droopy eyelids, staring,
muscle tremors and increased sensitivity to pain. The body temperature and
metabolism drop enough during sleep, saving up energy.
5. Drive for elimination of wastes: When the bladder or intestine become
distended with waste material, they cause pressure and discomfort. The
person becomes restless until the waste materials are disposed of and
pressure relieved.
, 6. Sex drive is considered a biological drive, since it is dependent on
physiological conditions Unlike hunger and thirst, sex is not essential for the
survival of the individual but is necessary for the survival of the species.
7. The initial drive to sex activity comes from nervous tensions within the body
set up by sex hormones-
8. Maternal drive is a physiological motive. Maternal behavior is instinctive
by prolactin is unlearned. Physiological drive causes maternal behavior.
Maternal drive is caused by prolactin, a hormone secreted by the pituitary.
Personal motives/personal social motives depend on:
• One's life goal
• Level of aspirations
• Interests
• Attitudes
• Force of habits
• Unconscious motivation.
2) Stimulus motives: Stimulus motives are also inborn but are not necessary for
survival. They include:
• Activity
• Curiosity
• Exploration
• Manipulation and
• Physical contact.
3) Social/Learned/Secondary Motives: Human beings are not only biological but
also social. Therefore, human behavior is activated by the following social
motives:
• Achievement motives
• Affiliation Aggression
TOPIC: MOTIVATION
,Q. Definition of Motivation.
Ans: Motivation is an inner impulse that induces a person to act in a certain way.
Q. What are the components of motivation?
Answer: Components of motivation:
1. Activation: It involves the decision to initiate a behavior (such as enrolling in an
English class).
2. Persistence: It is the continued effort toward a goal even though obstacles may
exist.
3. Intensity: It can be seen in the concentration and vigor that goes into pursuing a
goal.
Q. What are the characteristics of motivation?
Answer: Characteristics of motivation:
1. It is a psychological process.
2. It is arousing interest in learning.
3. It is directing behavior.
4. It stimulates learning activity.
5. It releases the tension and helps in satisfying the needs of the learner.
6. It provides the energy and accelerates the behavior of the learner.
Q. Explain the types of motivation.
Answer: Types of Motives: There are three kinds of motives:
,1) Physiological/Primary Motives: Primary motives are essential for survival. They
must be satisfied first before you can take up any other activity. Primary motives
come to action when the physiological balance of the body is upset. This balance is
called homeostasis.
1. Hunger drive: When the food supply of the body has been exhausted,
certain biochemical changes take place in the tissues of the body. This
causes the stomach to contract which gives hunger pains. The hunger must
be satisfied in order to help the body to return to a physiological balance or
homeostasis.
2. Thirst drive: The tissues of the body lose fluid when fluids have not been
taken in. As a result, the mucous membranes of the throat become dry and
cause sensation of thirst.
3. Respiratory drive is the drive for air and oxygen. One cannot survive for
long without a regular supply of air or oxygen. If oxygen is not supplied
even for a short time, it is possible to experience brain damage, loss of
memory and control over one's body.
4. Sleep drive usually occurs at regular intervals for each person. When the
body continues activities without rest or sleep for a long time, it is possible
to experience confusion, inability to pay attention, droopy eyelids, staring,
muscle tremors and increased sensitivity to pain. The body temperature and
metabolism drop enough during sleep, saving up energy.
5. Drive for elimination of wastes: When the bladder or intestine become
distended with waste material, they cause pressure and discomfort. The
person becomes restless until the waste materials are disposed of and
pressure relieved.
, 6. Sex drive is considered a biological drive, since it is dependent on
physiological conditions Unlike hunger and thirst, sex is not essential for the
survival of the individual but is necessary for the survival of the species.
7. The initial drive to sex activity comes from nervous tensions within the body
set up by sex hormones-
8. Maternal drive is a physiological motive. Maternal behavior is instinctive
by prolactin is unlearned. Physiological drive causes maternal behavior.
Maternal drive is caused by prolactin, a hormone secreted by the pituitary.
Personal motives/personal social motives depend on:
• One's life goal
• Level of aspirations
• Interests
• Attitudes
• Force of habits
• Unconscious motivation.
2) Stimulus motives: Stimulus motives are also inborn but are not necessary for
survival. They include:
• Activity
• Curiosity
• Exploration
• Manipulation and
• Physical contact.
3) Social/Learned/Secondary Motives: Human beings are not only biological but
also social. Therefore, human behavior is activated by the following social
motives:
• Achievement motives
• Affiliation Aggression
