Practice Quiz: Cardiovascular System
1. Specialized cell membrane structures that decrease electrical resistance
between the cells allowing action potentials to pass efficiently from one cell to
adjacent cells are the:
A. Extensive capillary network
B. Intercalated disks
C. Mitochondria
D. Gap junctions
1. Answer: D. Gap junctions
D: Gap junctions are a specialized intercellular connection between a multitude of
animal cell-types. They directly connect the cytoplasm of two cells, which allows
various molecules, ions and electrical impulses to directly pass through a regulated
gate between cells.
A: Extensive capillary networks allow abundant supply of oxygen and nutrients on
tissues such as skeletal muscle, liver, and kidney.
B: Intercalated disks support synchronized contraction of cardiac tissue. They
occur at the Z-line of the sarcomere and can be visualized easily when observing a
longitudinal section of the tissue.
C: Mitochondrion is an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which
the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur.
2. Complete the diagram so that it will show the correct route of blood in the
heart.
A. (1) Tricuspid Valve, (2) Aortic Valve, (3) Pulmonary Circulation, (4) Mitral
Valve, (5) Pulmonic Valve
B. (1) Mitral Valve, (2) Pulmonic Valve, (3) Pulmonary Circulation, (4)
Tricuspid Valve, (5) Aortic Valve
, C. (1) Mitral Valve, (2) Aortic Valve, (3) Pulmonary Circulation, (4) Tricuspid
Valve, (5) Pulmonic Valve
D. (1) Tricuspid Valve, (2) Pulmonic Valve, (3) Pulmonary Circulation, (4)
Mitral Valve, (5) Aortic Valve
2. Answer: D. (1) Tricuspid Valve, (2) Pulmonic Valve, (3) Pulmonary Circulation,
(4) Mitral Valve, (5) Aortic Valve
Blood enters the heart through two large veins, the inferior and superior vena cava,
emptying oxygen-poor blood from the body into the right atrium. As the atrium
contracts, blood flows from your right atrium into your right ventricle through the
open tricuspid valve. When the ventricle is full, the tricuspid valve shuts. This
prevents blood from owing backward into the right atrium while the ventricle
contracts. As the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the pulmonic
valve, into the pulmonary artery and to the lungs, where it is oxygenated. The
oxygenated blood then returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins. The
pulmonary veins empty oxygen-rich blood from the lungs into the left atrium. As
the atrium contracts, blood flows from your left atrium into your left ventricle
through the open mitral valve. When the ventricle is full, the mitral valve shuts.
This prevents blood from owing backward into the atrium while the ventricle
contracts. As the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the aortic
valve, into the aorta, and to the body.
3. It is considered as the bluntly rounded portion of the heart.
A. Aorta
B. Apex
C. Base
D. Pericardium
3. Answer: B. Apex B: The blunt, rounded point of the heart is the apex.
A: The aorta is the largest artery that carries blood from the left ventricle to the
body.
C: The larger, at portion at the opposite is the base.
,D. The pericardium is also called the pericardial sac. It has a fibrous outer layer
and a thin inner layer that surrounds the heart.
4. Which event will NOT occur during depolarization phase?
A. Na+ channels open
B. Ca+ channels open
C. K+ channels open
D. None of the above
4. Answer: C. K+ channels open
Na+ channels open, increasing the permeability of the cell membrane to Na+.
Sodium ions then diffuse into the cell, causing depolarization. This causes K+
channels to close quickly, decreasing the permeability of the cell membrane to K+.
The decreased diffusion of K+ out of the cell also causes depolarization. Ca+
channels slowly open, increasing the permeability of cell membrane to Ca+.
Calcium ions then di use into the cell and cause depolarization.
5. Which of these statements regarding the conduction system of the heart is
TRUE?
A. The sinoatrial (SA) node of the heart acts as the pacemaker.
B. The SA node is located on the upper wall of the left atrium.
C. The AV node conducts action potentials rapidly through it.
D. Action potentials are carried slowly through the atrioventricular bundle.
5. Answer: A. The sinoatrial (SA) node of the heart acts as the pacemaker.
A: The SA node is the heart’s natural pacemaker.
B: The SA node consists of a cluster of cells that are situated in the upper part of
the wall of the right atrium (the right upper chamber of the heart).
C: When action potentials reach the AV node, they spread slowly through it.
D: Action potentials pass slowly through the atrioventricular node.
6. In a normal electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG),
A. The P wave results from repolarization of the atria.
B. The QRS complex results from depolarization of the ventricles.
, C. The T wave represents repolarization of the auricles.
D. During the P-R interval, the ventricle contract.
6. Answer: B. The QRS complex results from depolarization of the ventricles.
B: The QRS complex consists of three individual waves: the Q, R, and S waves.
The QRS complex results from depolarization of the ventricles, and the beginning
of the QRS complex precedes ventricular contraction.
A: The P wave results from depolarization of the atrial myocardium, and the
beginning of the P wave precedes the onset of atrial contraction.
C: The T wave represents the repolarization of the ventricles, and the beginning of
the T wave precedes ventricular relaxation.
D: During the P-R interval, the atria contract and begin to relax.
7. During the Ventricular Systole, atrioventricular valves open, semilunar
valves close. The statement is:
A. True
B. False
C. Partially true
D. Partially false
7. Answer: B. False During ventricular systole, contraction of the ventricles causes
pressure in the ventricle to increase. Almost immediately the AV valves close (the
first heart sound). The pressure in the ventricle continues to increase. Continued
ventricular contraction causes the pressure in the ventricle to exceed in the
pulmonary trunk and aorta. As a result, the semilunar are forced open and blood is
ejected into the pulmonary trunk and aorta.
8. This sound is produced during the closure of the semilunar valves.
A. lubb
B. dupp
C. lubb dupp
D. lubb duppshhh
1. Specialized cell membrane structures that decrease electrical resistance
between the cells allowing action potentials to pass efficiently from one cell to
adjacent cells are the:
A. Extensive capillary network
B. Intercalated disks
C. Mitochondria
D. Gap junctions
1. Answer: D. Gap junctions
D: Gap junctions are a specialized intercellular connection between a multitude of
animal cell-types. They directly connect the cytoplasm of two cells, which allows
various molecules, ions and electrical impulses to directly pass through a regulated
gate between cells.
A: Extensive capillary networks allow abundant supply of oxygen and nutrients on
tissues such as skeletal muscle, liver, and kidney.
B: Intercalated disks support synchronized contraction of cardiac tissue. They
occur at the Z-line of the sarcomere and can be visualized easily when observing a
longitudinal section of the tissue.
C: Mitochondrion is an organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which
the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur.
2. Complete the diagram so that it will show the correct route of blood in the
heart.
A. (1) Tricuspid Valve, (2) Aortic Valve, (3) Pulmonary Circulation, (4) Mitral
Valve, (5) Pulmonic Valve
B. (1) Mitral Valve, (2) Pulmonic Valve, (3) Pulmonary Circulation, (4)
Tricuspid Valve, (5) Aortic Valve
, C. (1) Mitral Valve, (2) Aortic Valve, (3) Pulmonary Circulation, (4) Tricuspid
Valve, (5) Pulmonic Valve
D. (1) Tricuspid Valve, (2) Pulmonic Valve, (3) Pulmonary Circulation, (4)
Mitral Valve, (5) Aortic Valve
2. Answer: D. (1) Tricuspid Valve, (2) Pulmonic Valve, (3) Pulmonary Circulation,
(4) Mitral Valve, (5) Aortic Valve
Blood enters the heart through two large veins, the inferior and superior vena cava,
emptying oxygen-poor blood from the body into the right atrium. As the atrium
contracts, blood flows from your right atrium into your right ventricle through the
open tricuspid valve. When the ventricle is full, the tricuspid valve shuts. This
prevents blood from owing backward into the right atrium while the ventricle
contracts. As the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the pulmonic
valve, into the pulmonary artery and to the lungs, where it is oxygenated. The
oxygenated blood then returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins. The
pulmonary veins empty oxygen-rich blood from the lungs into the left atrium. As
the atrium contracts, blood flows from your left atrium into your left ventricle
through the open mitral valve. When the ventricle is full, the mitral valve shuts.
This prevents blood from owing backward into the atrium while the ventricle
contracts. As the ventricle contracts, blood leaves the heart through the aortic
valve, into the aorta, and to the body.
3. It is considered as the bluntly rounded portion of the heart.
A. Aorta
B. Apex
C. Base
D. Pericardium
3. Answer: B. Apex B: The blunt, rounded point of the heart is the apex.
A: The aorta is the largest artery that carries blood from the left ventricle to the
body.
C: The larger, at portion at the opposite is the base.
,D. The pericardium is also called the pericardial sac. It has a fibrous outer layer
and a thin inner layer that surrounds the heart.
4. Which event will NOT occur during depolarization phase?
A. Na+ channels open
B. Ca+ channels open
C. K+ channels open
D. None of the above
4. Answer: C. K+ channels open
Na+ channels open, increasing the permeability of the cell membrane to Na+.
Sodium ions then diffuse into the cell, causing depolarization. This causes K+
channels to close quickly, decreasing the permeability of the cell membrane to K+.
The decreased diffusion of K+ out of the cell also causes depolarization. Ca+
channels slowly open, increasing the permeability of cell membrane to Ca+.
Calcium ions then di use into the cell and cause depolarization.
5. Which of these statements regarding the conduction system of the heart is
TRUE?
A. The sinoatrial (SA) node of the heart acts as the pacemaker.
B. The SA node is located on the upper wall of the left atrium.
C. The AV node conducts action potentials rapidly through it.
D. Action potentials are carried slowly through the atrioventricular bundle.
5. Answer: A. The sinoatrial (SA) node of the heart acts as the pacemaker.
A: The SA node is the heart’s natural pacemaker.
B: The SA node consists of a cluster of cells that are situated in the upper part of
the wall of the right atrium (the right upper chamber of the heart).
C: When action potentials reach the AV node, they spread slowly through it.
D: Action potentials pass slowly through the atrioventricular node.
6. In a normal electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG),
A. The P wave results from repolarization of the atria.
B. The QRS complex results from depolarization of the ventricles.
, C. The T wave represents repolarization of the auricles.
D. During the P-R interval, the ventricle contract.
6. Answer: B. The QRS complex results from depolarization of the ventricles.
B: The QRS complex consists of three individual waves: the Q, R, and S waves.
The QRS complex results from depolarization of the ventricles, and the beginning
of the QRS complex precedes ventricular contraction.
A: The P wave results from depolarization of the atrial myocardium, and the
beginning of the P wave precedes the onset of atrial contraction.
C: The T wave represents the repolarization of the ventricles, and the beginning of
the T wave precedes ventricular relaxation.
D: During the P-R interval, the atria contract and begin to relax.
7. During the Ventricular Systole, atrioventricular valves open, semilunar
valves close. The statement is:
A. True
B. False
C. Partially true
D. Partially false
7. Answer: B. False During ventricular systole, contraction of the ventricles causes
pressure in the ventricle to increase. Almost immediately the AV valves close (the
first heart sound). The pressure in the ventricle continues to increase. Continued
ventricular contraction causes the pressure in the ventricle to exceed in the
pulmonary trunk and aorta. As a result, the semilunar are forced open and blood is
ejected into the pulmonary trunk and aorta.
8. This sound is produced during the closure of the semilunar valves.
A. lubb
B. dupp
C. lubb dupp
D. lubb duppshhh
