Hepatitis viruses
, Viruses cause hepatitis
HAV
HBV
HEPATITIS viruses
HCV
Because main site of action- LIVER
HDV
HEV
Herpes simplex virus
Epstein-Barr virus
Cytomegalovirus Infect the liver but also
Yellow fever virus infect other sites in the body,
Rubella virus not exclusively hepatitis virus
Some of Enterovirus
(Polio,Coxsackie,Echo) 2
, Hepatitis A:
Disease: Hepatitis A Virus causes hepatitis A.
Single-strand RNA, non-enveloped virus
Transmission & Epidemiology
Fecal-oral route
❑Children-most frequently infected
❑Outbreaks- summer camps, boarding schools,
fecally contaminated water or food
❑Rarely transmitted via the blood
❑Level of viremia is low & chronic infection does not
occur.
,4
, Pathogenesis of Hepatitis A (HAV)
Enters through the mouth (ingestion)
Multiplies in intestinal epithelial cells
Bloodstream
Liver
Clinical Findings: Symptoms (if present) are the same,
regardless of cause (e.g., A, B, C, other viruses).
Most HAV infections are asymptomatic.
Symptoms:
Fever , Anorexia, Nausea, vomiting, Abdominal pain, Loss of
appetite, Pale feces, Dark urine, Jaundice.
,Lab diagnosis
• Diagnosis of viral hepatitis is made by-
1. Tests for abnormal liver function
2. Detection of virus
3. Serological tests for antigen & antibody.
Prevention of Hepatitis A:
• Vaccination (pre-exposure)
• Immune globulin
• Good hygiene
• Clean water systems
• avoidance of food contamination
, Hepatitis B Virus
• Hepatitis B Virus causes hepatitis B
• HBV is a small DNA virus
• Partially double-stranded circular DNA genome .
• Modes of Transmission:
• Parenteral
• Perinatal
• Sexual & IV drug user
,Hepatitis B Virus
, Important Antigens
surface antigen (HBsAg)
core antigen (HBcAg) Present in core
e antigen (HBeAg) (nucleocapsid)
, Viruses cause hepatitis
HAV
HBV
HEPATITIS viruses
HCV
Because main site of action- LIVER
HDV
HEV
Herpes simplex virus
Epstein-Barr virus
Cytomegalovirus Infect the liver but also
Yellow fever virus infect other sites in the body,
Rubella virus not exclusively hepatitis virus
Some of Enterovirus
(Polio,Coxsackie,Echo) 2
, Hepatitis A:
Disease: Hepatitis A Virus causes hepatitis A.
Single-strand RNA, non-enveloped virus
Transmission & Epidemiology
Fecal-oral route
❑Children-most frequently infected
❑Outbreaks- summer camps, boarding schools,
fecally contaminated water or food
❑Rarely transmitted via the blood
❑Level of viremia is low & chronic infection does not
occur.
,4
, Pathogenesis of Hepatitis A (HAV)
Enters through the mouth (ingestion)
Multiplies in intestinal epithelial cells
Bloodstream
Liver
Clinical Findings: Symptoms (if present) are the same,
regardless of cause (e.g., A, B, C, other viruses).
Most HAV infections are asymptomatic.
Symptoms:
Fever , Anorexia, Nausea, vomiting, Abdominal pain, Loss of
appetite, Pale feces, Dark urine, Jaundice.
,Lab diagnosis
• Diagnosis of viral hepatitis is made by-
1. Tests for abnormal liver function
2. Detection of virus
3. Serological tests for antigen & antibody.
Prevention of Hepatitis A:
• Vaccination (pre-exposure)
• Immune globulin
• Good hygiene
• Clean water systems
• avoidance of food contamination
, Hepatitis B Virus
• Hepatitis B Virus causes hepatitis B
• HBV is a small DNA virus
• Partially double-stranded circular DNA genome .
• Modes of Transmission:
• Parenteral
• Perinatal
• Sexual & IV drug user
,Hepatitis B Virus
, Important Antigens
surface antigen (HBsAg)
core antigen (HBcAg) Present in core
e antigen (HBeAg) (nucleocapsid)
