BIO 1330 Exam 1 Questions with Correct Answers Latest Update 2025/2026
Living things - Answers 1. use energy
2. made up of one or more cells
3. carry and process information
4. reproduce
5. have the ability to evolve
biology - Answers the study of living things
Theory - Answers a generalized phenomenon, widely tested and proven correct at all times; may
be proven wrong later
Cell theory and theory of evolution by natural selection - Answers two theories that biology
developed on
The Cell Theory - Answers Robert Hooke; all living things are made of cells; cells reproduce
Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection - Answers characteristics of populations change over
time; individuals with certain heritable traits reproduce better than others
Nucleotides - Answers a monomer that can be polymerized to form DNA or RNA
Polymer - Answers a long molecule composed of monomers bonded together.
Ex: Carbohydrates, proteins, and DNA
Protein - Answers large polypeptide composed of amino acids
Amino Acids - Answers 20 different building blocks of a protein; all have a Carbon atom bonded
to an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a Hydrogen
Condensation Reaction - Answers chemical reaction in which two molecules bond by removal of
a hydroxyl (OH) group from one subunit and a hydrogen group from another
Polypeptide - Answers peptide of three or more amino acids linked together
Hydrolysis - Answers chemical reaction in which a compound is broken down by reacting with
water; mostly polymers breaking down to monomers
Enzyme - Answers any molecule, usually a protein, that can catalyze a chemical reaction
DNA - Answers double-stranded, double helical molecule of deoxyribonucleotides that contains
, genetic information; contains deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and one of four bases: adenine,
thymine, guanine, or cytosine
RNA - Answers usually single-stranded polymer consisting of ribonucleotides; may be rRNA,
tRNA, or mRNA; bases: uracil, guanine, cytosine, and adenine
rRNA - Answers structural component of ribosomes
tRNA - Answers transporter of amino acids
mRNA - Answers translator of the message of the DNA code
Pyrimidine - Answers nitrogenous base that has a six-member ring of carbon and nitrogen
atoms; cytosine, thymine, and uracil
Purine - Answers nitrogenous base composed of two rings of carbon and nitrogen atoms joined
together; adenine and guanine
Phosphodiester bond - Answers bond formed in a polymerization reaction between the
phosphate group of one nucleotide and the hydroxyl group on the sugar component of another
Sugar-phosphate linkage - Answers What linkage forms the backbone of a nucleic acid?
Chitin Peptidoglycan - Answers polysaccharide found only in bacteria; contains a modified
monosaccharide
Carbohydrate - Answers any of various neutral compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen;
(sugar, starch, cellulose); include monosaccharides and polysaccharides
Monosaccharide - Answers single-sugar monomer; small carb; cannot be hydrolyzed to form
any smaller carbs
ex: glucose, galactose, ribose
Polysaccharide - Answers large carb polymer consisting of many monosaccharides linked
together
ex: starch, cellulose, glycogen
Pentose - Answers five-carbon monosaccharide
Hexose - Answers six-carbon monosaccharide
Glycosidic Linkage - Answers covalent bond that results when a condensation reaction occurs
Living things - Answers 1. use energy
2. made up of one or more cells
3. carry and process information
4. reproduce
5. have the ability to evolve
biology - Answers the study of living things
Theory - Answers a generalized phenomenon, widely tested and proven correct at all times; may
be proven wrong later
Cell theory and theory of evolution by natural selection - Answers two theories that biology
developed on
The Cell Theory - Answers Robert Hooke; all living things are made of cells; cells reproduce
Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection - Answers characteristics of populations change over
time; individuals with certain heritable traits reproduce better than others
Nucleotides - Answers a monomer that can be polymerized to form DNA or RNA
Polymer - Answers a long molecule composed of monomers bonded together.
Ex: Carbohydrates, proteins, and DNA
Protein - Answers large polypeptide composed of amino acids
Amino Acids - Answers 20 different building blocks of a protein; all have a Carbon atom bonded
to an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a Hydrogen
Condensation Reaction - Answers chemical reaction in which two molecules bond by removal of
a hydroxyl (OH) group from one subunit and a hydrogen group from another
Polypeptide - Answers peptide of three or more amino acids linked together
Hydrolysis - Answers chemical reaction in which a compound is broken down by reacting with
water; mostly polymers breaking down to monomers
Enzyme - Answers any molecule, usually a protein, that can catalyze a chemical reaction
DNA - Answers double-stranded, double helical molecule of deoxyribonucleotides that contains
, genetic information; contains deoxyribose, a phosphate group, and one of four bases: adenine,
thymine, guanine, or cytosine
RNA - Answers usually single-stranded polymer consisting of ribonucleotides; may be rRNA,
tRNA, or mRNA; bases: uracil, guanine, cytosine, and adenine
rRNA - Answers structural component of ribosomes
tRNA - Answers transporter of amino acids
mRNA - Answers translator of the message of the DNA code
Pyrimidine - Answers nitrogenous base that has a six-member ring of carbon and nitrogen
atoms; cytosine, thymine, and uracil
Purine - Answers nitrogenous base composed of two rings of carbon and nitrogen atoms joined
together; adenine and guanine
Phosphodiester bond - Answers bond formed in a polymerization reaction between the
phosphate group of one nucleotide and the hydroxyl group on the sugar component of another
Sugar-phosphate linkage - Answers What linkage forms the backbone of a nucleic acid?
Chitin Peptidoglycan - Answers polysaccharide found only in bacteria; contains a modified
monosaccharide
Carbohydrate - Answers any of various neutral compounds of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen;
(sugar, starch, cellulose); include monosaccharides and polysaccharides
Monosaccharide - Answers single-sugar monomer; small carb; cannot be hydrolyzed to form
any smaller carbs
ex: glucose, galactose, ribose
Polysaccharide - Answers large carb polymer consisting of many monosaccharides linked
together
ex: starch, cellulose, glycogen
Pentose - Answers five-carbon monosaccharide
Hexose - Answers six-carbon monosaccharide
Glycosidic Linkage - Answers covalent bond that results when a condensation reaction occurs
