Unc Exss 181 Final Exam Actual
Questions and Verified Answers
Burnout - ANSWER-- Multidimensional cognitive-affective syndrome characterized by
dimensions of physical and emotional exhaustion, reduced sense of personal
accomplishment, devaluation of sport context
- Largely conceptualized as a response to chronic negative stress
What are self-regulations 5 stages? - ANSWER-1. Problem Identification
2. Commitment
3. Execution
4. Environmental management
5. Generalization
What does B= f(P,E) mean? - ANSWER-Behavior is a function of both the person and
his/her environment
-Is dynamic; precise prediction difficult; need to understand both person and context
3 Characteristics/Dimensions of Burnout - ANSWER-- Physical and emotional
exhaustion
- Reduced sense of personal accomplishment
- Devaluation of sport context
Who is at the highest risk of burnout? - ANSWER-- Perfectionism
- Type A
- High trait anxiety
- Low self-confidence
- Being overly other-oriented
Who are the main historical figures? What did they do? - ANSWER---Norman Triplett:
key figure in history of social, sport, and exercise psychology; studied social facilitation
of bikers; tested whether bikers rode faster when in groups than alone
--Coleman Griffith: "Father of Modern Sport Psychology"; first research lab; 25 research
articles
What are common problems in implementing PST programs? - ANSWER-1. Lack of
conviction
2. Lack of time
3. Lack of sport knowledge (by consultant)
4. Lack of follow-up (athlete and consultant)
What are the differences between the 3 methods of arousal control? - ANSWER-1.
Deep breathing: simple breathing out releases tension
,2. PMR: contracting and relaxing releases tension
3. Autogenic training: producing sensations in your body releases tension
4 steps of PST program - ANSWER-1. Education and assessment: teach importance
2. Acquisition: create strategies for learning skills
3. Practice:
4. Evaluation: did it work?
Sport and Exercise Psychology - ANSWER-The scientific study of human behavior in
sport and exercise, and the practical application of that knowledge
Overtraining - ANSWER-- Part of training cycle (overload) in which training is raised and
then lowered to make the body more fit
- Short cycle of high levels of training that are near or at maximal capacity
Why are the phases of PST programs described as a circular process? - ANSWER-you
always reassess at the end and try again
3 roles of sport psychologists - ANSWER--Research (plan, design, implement, and
evaluate research);
-Teaching (university courses);
-Consulting (help individuals and teams improve performance)
Staleness - ANSWER-- A state in which the athlete has difficulty maintaining standard
training regimens and can no longer achieve previous performance results
- Physical and emotional lull
- Early sign of burnout
What is the ultimate goal of PST? - ANSWER-Self Regulation: the ability to work
towards one's short and long term goals by effectively motion and managing one's
thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
2 major types of questions in the field? - ANSWER--Understanding the effects of
psychological factors on sport/physical activity behavior and performance
-Understanding the effects of participating in sport/physical activity on psychological
development, health, and well-being
6 periods of sports psychology - ANSWER---Early years(1895-1920): characterized by
isolated studies
--Griffith Era(1921-1938): sport psychology labs and psychological testing took place;
Coleman Griffith became the first American to specialize in the area; lab at University of
Illinois
--Preparation for Future(1939-1965): characterized by the field's scientific development
attributable to the educational efforts of Franklin Henry
--Establishment of Academic Branch(1966-1977): sport and exercise psychology
became a valued component of the academic discipline of physical education
, --Multidisciplinary Research(1978-2000): multidisciplinary science and practice,
characterized by tremendous growth as the field became more accepted and respected
by the public
--Contemporary(2000-present): distinguished by continued growth worldwide,
considerable diverse research, and interest in application and consulting
Physical/Psychological Responses to Burnout - ANSWER-- Tension
- State anxiety
- Anger
- Depression
- Insomnia
- Negative self-talk
What is the advantage of the deep breathing technique? - ANSWER-It is easy and
effective
- it is also very quick so you can use it during breaks
Identify and explain 3 ways of knowing. Advantages/disadvantages of each? -
ANSWER--Common sense (intuition, speculation); strength= easy and quick;
limitations= not based on experience or data
-Practical experience (observations, case studies); strengths= immediate, innovative;
limitations= fails to explain mechanisms, susceptible to bias
-Science (controlled, empirical investigations); strengths= reliable, objective; limitations=
reductionistic, slow to evolve
Stress Model of Burnout - ANSWER-- Commitment & Entrapment Theory
- Participate because they "have to" not "want to" because of: social pressures; lack of
attractive alternatives; large investments
What are two assumptions of PMR? - ANSWER-1. tension and relaxation cannot occur
simultaneously
2. relaxation of muscles contributes to relaxation of the mind
4 steps of scientific method? - ANSWER--Develop the problem (what is the purpose;
independent/dependent variables)
-Formulate hypotheses (must be testable)
-Gather data
-Analyze and interpret results
Non-Stressed Model of Burnout - ANSWER-- Identity & Control Model
- Stress is a symptom of burnout NOT the driving force
- Burnout in young athletes is not about individual response to participation but about
fundamental structure of sport
Questions and Verified Answers
Burnout - ANSWER-- Multidimensional cognitive-affective syndrome characterized by
dimensions of physical and emotional exhaustion, reduced sense of personal
accomplishment, devaluation of sport context
- Largely conceptualized as a response to chronic negative stress
What are self-regulations 5 stages? - ANSWER-1. Problem Identification
2. Commitment
3. Execution
4. Environmental management
5. Generalization
What does B= f(P,E) mean? - ANSWER-Behavior is a function of both the person and
his/her environment
-Is dynamic; precise prediction difficult; need to understand both person and context
3 Characteristics/Dimensions of Burnout - ANSWER-- Physical and emotional
exhaustion
- Reduced sense of personal accomplishment
- Devaluation of sport context
Who is at the highest risk of burnout? - ANSWER-- Perfectionism
- Type A
- High trait anxiety
- Low self-confidence
- Being overly other-oriented
Who are the main historical figures? What did they do? - ANSWER---Norman Triplett:
key figure in history of social, sport, and exercise psychology; studied social facilitation
of bikers; tested whether bikers rode faster when in groups than alone
--Coleman Griffith: "Father of Modern Sport Psychology"; first research lab; 25 research
articles
What are common problems in implementing PST programs? - ANSWER-1. Lack of
conviction
2. Lack of time
3. Lack of sport knowledge (by consultant)
4. Lack of follow-up (athlete and consultant)
What are the differences between the 3 methods of arousal control? - ANSWER-1.
Deep breathing: simple breathing out releases tension
,2. PMR: contracting and relaxing releases tension
3. Autogenic training: producing sensations in your body releases tension
4 steps of PST program - ANSWER-1. Education and assessment: teach importance
2. Acquisition: create strategies for learning skills
3. Practice:
4. Evaluation: did it work?
Sport and Exercise Psychology - ANSWER-The scientific study of human behavior in
sport and exercise, and the practical application of that knowledge
Overtraining - ANSWER-- Part of training cycle (overload) in which training is raised and
then lowered to make the body more fit
- Short cycle of high levels of training that are near or at maximal capacity
Why are the phases of PST programs described as a circular process? - ANSWER-you
always reassess at the end and try again
3 roles of sport psychologists - ANSWER--Research (plan, design, implement, and
evaluate research);
-Teaching (university courses);
-Consulting (help individuals and teams improve performance)
Staleness - ANSWER-- A state in which the athlete has difficulty maintaining standard
training regimens and can no longer achieve previous performance results
- Physical and emotional lull
- Early sign of burnout
What is the ultimate goal of PST? - ANSWER-Self Regulation: the ability to work
towards one's short and long term goals by effectively motion and managing one's
thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
2 major types of questions in the field? - ANSWER--Understanding the effects of
psychological factors on sport/physical activity behavior and performance
-Understanding the effects of participating in sport/physical activity on psychological
development, health, and well-being
6 periods of sports psychology - ANSWER---Early years(1895-1920): characterized by
isolated studies
--Griffith Era(1921-1938): sport psychology labs and psychological testing took place;
Coleman Griffith became the first American to specialize in the area; lab at University of
Illinois
--Preparation for Future(1939-1965): characterized by the field's scientific development
attributable to the educational efforts of Franklin Henry
--Establishment of Academic Branch(1966-1977): sport and exercise psychology
became a valued component of the academic discipline of physical education
, --Multidisciplinary Research(1978-2000): multidisciplinary science and practice,
characterized by tremendous growth as the field became more accepted and respected
by the public
--Contemporary(2000-present): distinguished by continued growth worldwide,
considerable diverse research, and interest in application and consulting
Physical/Psychological Responses to Burnout - ANSWER-- Tension
- State anxiety
- Anger
- Depression
- Insomnia
- Negative self-talk
What is the advantage of the deep breathing technique? - ANSWER-It is easy and
effective
- it is also very quick so you can use it during breaks
Identify and explain 3 ways of knowing. Advantages/disadvantages of each? -
ANSWER--Common sense (intuition, speculation); strength= easy and quick;
limitations= not based on experience or data
-Practical experience (observations, case studies); strengths= immediate, innovative;
limitations= fails to explain mechanisms, susceptible to bias
-Science (controlled, empirical investigations); strengths= reliable, objective; limitations=
reductionistic, slow to evolve
Stress Model of Burnout - ANSWER-- Commitment & Entrapment Theory
- Participate because they "have to" not "want to" because of: social pressures; lack of
attractive alternatives; large investments
What are two assumptions of PMR? - ANSWER-1. tension and relaxation cannot occur
simultaneously
2. relaxation of muscles contributes to relaxation of the mind
4 steps of scientific method? - ANSWER--Develop the problem (what is the purpose;
independent/dependent variables)
-Formulate hypotheses (must be testable)
-Gather data
-Analyze and interpret results
Non-Stressed Model of Burnout - ANSWER-- Identity & Control Model
- Stress is a symptom of burnout NOT the driving force
- Burnout in young athletes is not about individual response to participation but about
fundamental structure of sport
