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NM701 EXAM 5 QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
Define menopause and how to dx Ans: 12 full months since last period
that's it. Dx when 12 full months have passed. Start over if a period rears
it's gnarly head!
Define perimenopause Ans: from start of irregular menses and other sx
like hot flashes to 12 months of amenorrhea aka menopause
Vasomotor symptoms of menopause Ans: hot flashes!
varies among women and within a woman at different times
10-15% have very bothersome, 75% never see a clinician
Common signs/symptoms of perimenopause Ans: -menstrual bleeding
changes, then stops
-vasomotor symptoms (some never experience, some never stop, usually
level off after a few years)
-vaginal symptoms, often dryness r/t less estrogen
r/t drop-off of estrogen
Also: sleeping problems, changes in mood/cognition, dyspareunia,
urinary changes
Lifestyle techniques to manage hot flashes Ans: -regular physical
activity (esp those who are already active)
--->starting new activity will not help with hot flashes
-smoking cessation
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-Mediterranean diet, remove dietary triggers
--->high fat/high sugar make it worse!
-wear natural fibers, dress in layers
-stress management
-sleep hygiene
How to manage vulvar symptoms of menopause Ans: -regular physical
activity
-regular sexual activity
-lubricants (for sex) and longer acting vaginal moisturizers (not for sex)
--->coconut or olive oil work well for both lubricant and moisturizer
Hormone levels in peri-menopause Ans: FSH, LH, E, and P are variable
-depends on whether ovulation happened
-testing is not useful to dx or predict menopause
FSH and LH changes in reproductive, perimenopause, and post-
menopause years Ans: reproductive: variable, cyclic
perimenopause:
-FSH increased, variable - trying to stimulate ovulation, not always
successful
-LH varies, will surge if ovulation happens
post-menopause: (early) increased - still trying to stimulate ovulation,
(late) stable, or drops off
Estrogen and progesterone changes through , perimenopause, and post-
menopause years Ans: reproductive years: cyclic
NM701 EXAM 5 QUESTIONS WITH
DETAILED VERIFIED ANSWERS
Define menopause and how to dx Ans: 12 full months since last period
that's it. Dx when 12 full months have passed. Start over if a period rears
it's gnarly head!
Define perimenopause Ans: from start of irregular menses and other sx
like hot flashes to 12 months of amenorrhea aka menopause
Vasomotor symptoms of menopause Ans: hot flashes!
varies among women and within a woman at different times
10-15% have very bothersome, 75% never see a clinician
Common signs/symptoms of perimenopause Ans: -menstrual bleeding
changes, then stops
-vasomotor symptoms (some never experience, some never stop, usually
level off after a few years)
-vaginal symptoms, often dryness r/t less estrogen
r/t drop-off of estrogen
Also: sleeping problems, changes in mood/cognition, dyspareunia,
urinary changes
Lifestyle techniques to manage hot flashes Ans: -regular physical
activity (esp those who are already active)
--->starting new activity will not help with hot flashes
-smoking cessation
, Page | 2
-Mediterranean diet, remove dietary triggers
--->high fat/high sugar make it worse!
-wear natural fibers, dress in layers
-stress management
-sleep hygiene
How to manage vulvar symptoms of menopause Ans: -regular physical
activity
-regular sexual activity
-lubricants (for sex) and longer acting vaginal moisturizers (not for sex)
--->coconut or olive oil work well for both lubricant and moisturizer
Hormone levels in peri-menopause Ans: FSH, LH, E, and P are variable
-depends on whether ovulation happened
-testing is not useful to dx or predict menopause
FSH and LH changes in reproductive, perimenopause, and post-
menopause years Ans: reproductive: variable, cyclic
perimenopause:
-FSH increased, variable - trying to stimulate ovulation, not always
successful
-LH varies, will surge if ovulation happens
post-menopause: (early) increased - still trying to stimulate ovulation,
(late) stable, or drops off
Estrogen and progesterone changes through , perimenopause, and post-
menopause years Ans: reproductive years: cyclic
