HESI MED SURG EXAMS LATEST 2025 REAL ACTUAL EXAMS
VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A
An adult client who is hospitalized after surgery reports sudden onset of chest pain and dyspnea.
The client appears anxious, restless, and mildly cyanotic. The nurse should further assess the
client for which condition?
Pulmonary embolism.
Heart failure.
Tuberculosis.
Bronchitis. - (Correct Answer)-Pulmonary embolism.
Post-surgical clients are at an increased risk for deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which may result
in pulmonary embolism if the clot breaks off and travels to the lungs. Signs and symptoms of
pulmonary embolism include chest pain, dyspnea, anxiety, restlessness, and - in severe cases -
cyanosis.
Jarvis, Physical Examination and Health Assessment, 7th ed., p.493
Which information should the nurse obtain when performing an initial assessment of a client
who presents to the emergency department with a painful ankle injury? (Select all that apply.)
Quality of the pain.
Signs of inflammation.
Ankle range of motion.
Muscle strength testing.
Visible deformities of the joint. - (Correct Answer)-Quality of the pain.
Signs of inflammation.
Ankle range of motion.
Visible deformities of the joint.
,[Type here]
Initial assessment of a joint injury is performed to determine the extent of the damage. The
nurse's initial assessment of a painful ankle injury should include pain quality, the presence of
deformities, evidence of inflammation, and range of motion.
Jarvis Physical Examination and Health Assessment, 7th ed. p. 586-8
Which description of pain is consistent with a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis?
Joint pain is worse in the morning and involves symmetric joints.
Joint pain is better in the morning and worsens throughout the day.
Joint pain is consistent throughout the day and is relieved by pain medication.
Joint pain is worse during the day and involves unilateral joints. - (Correct Answer)-Joint pain is
worse in the morning and involves symmetric joints.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes joint pain and swelling. RA is
characterized by pain that is worse when arising and involves symmetric joints.
Jarvis. (2016), Physical Examination and Health Assessment, 7th Ed., Chapter 22; p. 586
Which physical assessment finding should the nurse anticipate in a client with long-term
gastroesophagealreflux disease (GERD)?
Hoarseness.
Dry mouth.
Mouth ulcers.
Weight loss. - (Correct Answer)-Hoarseness.
Dyspepsia and regurgitation are the main symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD);
however, hoarseness is one of the most common long-term symptoms of GERD due to the
irritation of the reflux of gastric secretions.
Ignatavicius, (2016). Medical-surgical nursing: Patient-centered collaborative care, eight edition.,
Ch. 49, p. 1111.
,[Type here]
A client presents with chronic venous insufficiency. Which assessment finding should the nurse
anticipate?
Bilateral lower leg stasis dermatitis.
Clubbing of fingers and toes.
Intermittent claudication.
Peripheral cyanosis. - (Correct Answer)-Bilateral lower leg stasis dermatitis.
Clients who suffer from chroninc venous insufficiency often develop statsis dermatitis in the
lower extremities. Statis dermatitis appear as brownish-red discoloration on the lower extremities
at the ankles which can develop into stasis ulcers due to the pooling of the venous blood flow
back to the heart.
Ignatavicius, (2013). Medical-surgical nursing: Patient-centered collaborative care, 7th ed.., Ch.
33, p. 803.
A client has been hospitalized with a femur fracture and is being treated with traction. Which
action by the nurse is the priority when caring for this client?
Assess neurovascular status.
Change the client's position.
Inspect the traction equipment.
Review pain medication orders. - (Correct Answer)-Assess neurovascular status.
The use of traction for long bone fractures reduces the potential for damage to the surrounding
tissues. Reports of increased pain may indicate circulatory compromise or tissue damage
(compartment syndrome). Assessing the client's neurovascular status is the nurse's highest
priority.
Ignatavicius, (2016). Medical-surgical nursing: Patient-centered collaborative care, eight edition.,
Ch. 51, pp. 1051-80.
, [Type here]
Which statement made by a client with chronic pancreatitis indicates that further education is
needed?
I will cut back on smoking cigarettes daily.
I will avoid drinking caffeinated beverages.
I will rest frequently and avoid vigorous exercise.
I will eat a bland, low-fat, high-protein diet. - (Correct Answer)-I will cut back on smoking
cigarettes daily.
To prevent exacerbations of chronic pancreatitis, clients should be instructed to avoid nicotine
entirely. Additional teaching includes avoiding caffeinated beverages, resting frequently as
needed, and eating a bland diet low fat and high in protein.Ignatavicius, (2016). Medical-surgical
nursing: Patient-centered collaborative care, 8th ed., Ch. 59, pp. 1084-98.
The nurse is teaching a female client who uses a contraceptive diaphragm about reducing the risk
for toxic shock syndrome (TSS). Which information should the nurse include? (Select all that
apply.)
Remove the diaphragm immediately after intercourse.
Wash the diaphragm with an alcohol solution.
Use the diaphragm to prevent conception during the menstrual cycle.
Do not leave the diaphragm in place longer than 8 hours after intercourse.
Replace the old diaphragm every 3 months. - (Correct Answer)-Do not leave the diaphragm in
place longer than 8 hours after intercourse.
Replace the old diaphragm every 3 months.
The diaphragm needs to remain against the cervix for 6 to 8 hours to prevent pregnancy but
should not remain for longer than 8 hours to avoid the risk of toxic shock syndrome. The
diaphragm should be replaced every 3 months to maintain integrity.
VERIFIED QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A
An adult client who is hospitalized after surgery reports sudden onset of chest pain and dyspnea.
The client appears anxious, restless, and mildly cyanotic. The nurse should further assess the
client for which condition?
Pulmonary embolism.
Heart failure.
Tuberculosis.
Bronchitis. - (Correct Answer)-Pulmonary embolism.
Post-surgical clients are at an increased risk for deep vein thrombosis (DVT), which may result
in pulmonary embolism if the clot breaks off and travels to the lungs. Signs and symptoms of
pulmonary embolism include chest pain, dyspnea, anxiety, restlessness, and - in severe cases -
cyanosis.
Jarvis, Physical Examination and Health Assessment, 7th ed., p.493
Which information should the nurse obtain when performing an initial assessment of a client
who presents to the emergency department with a painful ankle injury? (Select all that apply.)
Quality of the pain.
Signs of inflammation.
Ankle range of motion.
Muscle strength testing.
Visible deformities of the joint. - (Correct Answer)-Quality of the pain.
Signs of inflammation.
Ankle range of motion.
Visible deformities of the joint.
,[Type here]
Initial assessment of a joint injury is performed to determine the extent of the damage. The
nurse's initial assessment of a painful ankle injury should include pain quality, the presence of
deformities, evidence of inflammation, and range of motion.
Jarvis Physical Examination and Health Assessment, 7th ed. p. 586-8
Which description of pain is consistent with a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis?
Joint pain is worse in the morning and involves symmetric joints.
Joint pain is better in the morning and worsens throughout the day.
Joint pain is consistent throughout the day and is relieved by pain medication.
Joint pain is worse during the day and involves unilateral joints. - (Correct Answer)-Joint pain is
worse in the morning and involves symmetric joints.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes joint pain and swelling. RA is
characterized by pain that is worse when arising and involves symmetric joints.
Jarvis. (2016), Physical Examination and Health Assessment, 7th Ed., Chapter 22; p. 586
Which physical assessment finding should the nurse anticipate in a client with long-term
gastroesophagealreflux disease (GERD)?
Hoarseness.
Dry mouth.
Mouth ulcers.
Weight loss. - (Correct Answer)-Hoarseness.
Dyspepsia and regurgitation are the main symptoms of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD);
however, hoarseness is one of the most common long-term symptoms of GERD due to the
irritation of the reflux of gastric secretions.
Ignatavicius, (2016). Medical-surgical nursing: Patient-centered collaborative care, eight edition.,
Ch. 49, p. 1111.
,[Type here]
A client presents with chronic venous insufficiency. Which assessment finding should the nurse
anticipate?
Bilateral lower leg stasis dermatitis.
Clubbing of fingers and toes.
Intermittent claudication.
Peripheral cyanosis. - (Correct Answer)-Bilateral lower leg stasis dermatitis.
Clients who suffer from chroninc venous insufficiency often develop statsis dermatitis in the
lower extremities. Statis dermatitis appear as brownish-red discoloration on the lower extremities
at the ankles which can develop into stasis ulcers due to the pooling of the venous blood flow
back to the heart.
Ignatavicius, (2013). Medical-surgical nursing: Patient-centered collaborative care, 7th ed.., Ch.
33, p. 803.
A client has been hospitalized with a femur fracture and is being treated with traction. Which
action by the nurse is the priority when caring for this client?
Assess neurovascular status.
Change the client's position.
Inspect the traction equipment.
Review pain medication orders. - (Correct Answer)-Assess neurovascular status.
The use of traction for long bone fractures reduces the potential for damage to the surrounding
tissues. Reports of increased pain may indicate circulatory compromise or tissue damage
(compartment syndrome). Assessing the client's neurovascular status is the nurse's highest
priority.
Ignatavicius, (2016). Medical-surgical nursing: Patient-centered collaborative care, eight edition.,
Ch. 51, pp. 1051-80.
, [Type here]
Which statement made by a client with chronic pancreatitis indicates that further education is
needed?
I will cut back on smoking cigarettes daily.
I will avoid drinking caffeinated beverages.
I will rest frequently and avoid vigorous exercise.
I will eat a bland, low-fat, high-protein diet. - (Correct Answer)-I will cut back on smoking
cigarettes daily.
To prevent exacerbations of chronic pancreatitis, clients should be instructed to avoid nicotine
entirely. Additional teaching includes avoiding caffeinated beverages, resting frequently as
needed, and eating a bland diet low fat and high in protein.Ignatavicius, (2016). Medical-surgical
nursing: Patient-centered collaborative care, 8th ed., Ch. 59, pp. 1084-98.
The nurse is teaching a female client who uses a contraceptive diaphragm about reducing the risk
for toxic shock syndrome (TSS). Which information should the nurse include? (Select all that
apply.)
Remove the diaphragm immediately after intercourse.
Wash the diaphragm with an alcohol solution.
Use the diaphragm to prevent conception during the menstrual cycle.
Do not leave the diaphragm in place longer than 8 hours after intercourse.
Replace the old diaphragm every 3 months. - (Correct Answer)-Do not leave the diaphragm in
place longer than 8 hours after intercourse.
Replace the old diaphragm every 3 months.
The diaphragm needs to remain against the cervix for 6 to 8 hours to prevent pregnancy but
should not remain for longer than 8 hours to avoid the risk of toxic shock syndrome. The
diaphragm should be replaced every 3 months to maintain integrity.
