Relias - Fetal Heart Monitoring Exam Study Guide Questions
with Correct Answers 2025 latest update!!
Terms in this set (67)
- uterine arteries deliver oxygenated blood to spiral arteries
which bring oxygen rich blood to intervillous space of placenta
that has fetal capillaries
uterine blood supply
- fetal capillaries carry the O2 rich blood to umbilical VEIN that goes to
fetus
-in contrast, the umbilical ARTERIES return waste products to
that intervillous space that go into mother's venous system
Maternal Oxygenation: asthma, hyper- or hypo- ventilation
Maternal Circulation: decreased maternal cardiac output,
hypotension, decreased Hgb
Potential issues that negatively
affect fetal oxygenation
Placental O2 and CO2 Exchange: postterm, abruption, HTN,
hypotension, uterine tachysystole
Fetal circulation: cord compression or occlusion
- can occur d/t reduced fetal O2 reserves, excessive uterine
activity, or reduced uteroplacental blood flow
Fetal hypoxemia
- worsening fetal hypoxemia can lead to abnormal FHR
patterns, mostly minimal or absent variability from acidemia
1 - reduce O2 in blood
(1) hypoxemia vs. (2) hypoxia
2 - reduced O2 delivery at tissue level
, - occurs when long term O2 delivery is insufficient to meet cellular needs
of tissues
Fetal anaerobic metabolism
- results in production of lactic acid and other noncarbonic acids
- ACIDOSIS is the presence of excessive acids in tissues
pH below
acidosis 7.35 pH is
low
(acidosis is the process that leads to low blood pH, or acidemia)
pH above 7.45
alkalosis
pH is high
- help maintain acid base homeostasis
buffers
-2 major fetal buffers are plasma bicarbonate and hgb
- base deficit is expressed as a positive number
base excess and base deficit - base excess is expressed as a negative number
~ they are equivalent and terms are used interchangeably ~
- when O2 is decreased to fetus, tissue hypoxia results in
fetal acidosis
acidosis, which then shows a drop in pH, a loss of bicarb, and
increase in base deficit
acidemia assoc w/ widespread, deleterious effects on vital organ and body function
assoc w/ neonatal depression, low apgars, neonatal
fetal hypoxia during birth
encephalopathy, and cerebral palsy
low pH (< 7.10), high pCO2 (> 60), normal base deficit ( < 12)
respiratory acidosis
- increase of pCO2 for fetus that lowers pH but doesn't affect base deficit
- sudden decrease in placental or cord perfusion
factors that contribute to resp - uterine tachysystole
acidosis - maternal hypoventilation
with Correct Answers 2025 latest update!!
Terms in this set (67)
- uterine arteries deliver oxygenated blood to spiral arteries
which bring oxygen rich blood to intervillous space of placenta
that has fetal capillaries
uterine blood supply
- fetal capillaries carry the O2 rich blood to umbilical VEIN that goes to
fetus
-in contrast, the umbilical ARTERIES return waste products to
that intervillous space that go into mother's venous system
Maternal Oxygenation: asthma, hyper- or hypo- ventilation
Maternal Circulation: decreased maternal cardiac output,
hypotension, decreased Hgb
Potential issues that negatively
affect fetal oxygenation
Placental O2 and CO2 Exchange: postterm, abruption, HTN,
hypotension, uterine tachysystole
Fetal circulation: cord compression or occlusion
- can occur d/t reduced fetal O2 reserves, excessive uterine
activity, or reduced uteroplacental blood flow
Fetal hypoxemia
- worsening fetal hypoxemia can lead to abnormal FHR
patterns, mostly minimal or absent variability from acidemia
1 - reduce O2 in blood
(1) hypoxemia vs. (2) hypoxia
2 - reduced O2 delivery at tissue level
, - occurs when long term O2 delivery is insufficient to meet cellular needs
of tissues
Fetal anaerobic metabolism
- results in production of lactic acid and other noncarbonic acids
- ACIDOSIS is the presence of excessive acids in tissues
pH below
acidosis 7.35 pH is
low
(acidosis is the process that leads to low blood pH, or acidemia)
pH above 7.45
alkalosis
pH is high
- help maintain acid base homeostasis
buffers
-2 major fetal buffers are plasma bicarbonate and hgb
- base deficit is expressed as a positive number
base excess and base deficit - base excess is expressed as a negative number
~ they are equivalent and terms are used interchangeably ~
- when O2 is decreased to fetus, tissue hypoxia results in
fetal acidosis
acidosis, which then shows a drop in pH, a loss of bicarb, and
increase in base deficit
acidemia assoc w/ widespread, deleterious effects on vital organ and body function
assoc w/ neonatal depression, low apgars, neonatal
fetal hypoxia during birth
encephalopathy, and cerebral palsy
low pH (< 7.10), high pCO2 (> 60), normal base deficit ( < 12)
respiratory acidosis
- increase of pCO2 for fetus that lowers pH but doesn't affect base deficit
- sudden decrease in placental or cord perfusion
factors that contribute to resp - uterine tachysystole
acidosis - maternal hypoventilation
