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Programmed I/O and Polling-Based Data Transfer Techniques

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This document discusses Programmed I/O, the simplest form of data transfer where the CPU actively checks device status and controls all I/O operations. It explains input and output programmed transfers, device readiness checking using polling, and the busy-wait problem. The lecture also covers the basic I/O commands—control, test, read, and write—and differentiates between memory-mapped and isolated I/O. Programmed I/O is highlighted as a CPU-intensive technique suited for simple, low-speed devices and embedded systems.

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Academic Session 2025-26
ODD Semester Jul-Dec 2025

UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE &
ENGINEERING
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
CSE/IT/ THIRD SEMESTER
COMPUTER ORGANIZATION & ARCHITECTURE
(24CST-201/24ITT-201)
Unit No. 3 Chapter No. 3.1 Lecture No. 3.1.3
Topic : Modes of Transfer-Programmed I/O
Er. Shikha Atwal (E11186) Assistant Professor

, Learning Objectives
1




1. To understand the working of Programmed I/O, where
the CPU actively checks device status and controls data
transfer.
2. To learn how data is transferred between I/O devices and
CPU using polling techniques without interrupt or DMA
support.
3. To analyze the limitations of Programmed I/O in terms of
CPU efficiency and its suitable use cases in simple
embedded systems.

, Content
2




1. Modes of Transfer
2. Programmed I/O
3. Programmed I/O Mode Input Data Transfer
4. Programmed I/O Mode Output Data Transfer
5. I/O Commands
6. I/O Instruction
7. Isolated and Memory Mapped I/O

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Uploaded on
December 8, 2025
Number of pages
19
Written in
2025/2026
Type
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