Ancient Greece
dinsdag 13 februari 2024 10:15
Where to begin
We start at the greek time period, but there are multiple discussions to be had as to why we don't start earlier.
Laying the Foundation
Most of our knowledge comes from Vitruvius' 10 books on architecture
Our knowledge on ancient greece only expanded coming 18th century
From Wood to stone
First temples were out of wood
→ Deterioration
→ Fire
→ Availability of natural resources
Timber: Post-and-linter structure
= Trabeation, trabeated architecture
Trabs = latin for beam
→ Translated into stone idiom
It was an almost literal copy
Fronton: Roof gable
Cornice: Overhang
Trighlyph: Decorated ends of the cross beams
Architectural and construction history Pagina 1
,Trighlyph: Decorated ends of the cross beams
Guttae: small studs beneath the tryghlyph (nails)
Architrave: The beam
Entablature
Architrave
Lowest part of entablature
Rests on the columns in the matter of a lintel
Frieze
Middle horizontal part in between the architrave and cornice
Consisting of the triglyphs and metope
Triglyphs
Block with 3 vertical bands seperated by 3 v-shaped grooves
Menope
Panels between the triglyphs
Mostly used to tell a story or describe the tribute the temple makes
Cornice
Crowning of the entablature also used for windows and walls
Fronton
Frontpiece of pediment
Triangular gable walls above the horizontal cornice
Tympanum
Panels in de fronton, often decorated with relief sculptures
3 Orders
Not just decoration of the capital
→ Design and proportion
→ Entire Column (capital, shaft, base) and entablature (architrave, frieze, cornice)
Doric Order
Column Shaft tapers upward
No Base
Fluted column
Simple Capital without decoration
Strong and geometric solidarity = 'rough and steady'
Diameter of the column = the module to further decide other dimensions
6 Modules high
2 modules distance between the columns
→ Language of architecture is based on proportions
Ionic order
Tall and slim columns
Architectural and construction history Pagina 2
,Tall and slim columns
Stand on a base
Volute-Shaped capitals
Elegant, slender, graceful
Not as modulor as the doric temples (diameter does not always decide other dimensions)
Corinthial Order
Most ornate, decorated
High base
Slender, fluted shaft
Capitals are decorated with acanthus leaves
Showing off
Greek Temples
The Standerdized plan (600 BC)
With big importance of exterior
Originally plastered, polychromy
Acropolis
Large complex of sacred buildings
Temples
Parthenon
Erechtheion
Theaters
Shrines
Altars
Parthenon
Athens, 440 BC
Doric columns
Most sophisticated example of refinements (optical illusions)
Columns lean slightly inwards
Corner columns are slightly thicker, towards the upper part
Stylobate rises slightly towards the middle
Entasis = to stretch or strain'
Bulging / Swelling in the middle
For optimal correction
Give a perseption of stability & some more weight to the building
Architectural and construction history Pagina 3
, Erechtheion
Athens, 421-406 BC
Ionic columns
No peristyle, but 2 porticoes
Caryatides
Sculpted female firgure, serving as architectural support, like a column of a pilar
Temple of Apollo Epicurius
Bassae, 425 BC
Only (known) temple where the three orders were used simultaneously
What about the rest
Buildings outside of temples
Urban Setting: Facilitating dialogue and democracy
The agora
The Stoa
Theatre
Bouleuterion
Private houses
Colclusion from lecture
Architectural and construction history Pagina 4
dinsdag 13 februari 2024 10:15
Where to begin
We start at the greek time period, but there are multiple discussions to be had as to why we don't start earlier.
Laying the Foundation
Most of our knowledge comes from Vitruvius' 10 books on architecture
Our knowledge on ancient greece only expanded coming 18th century
From Wood to stone
First temples were out of wood
→ Deterioration
→ Fire
→ Availability of natural resources
Timber: Post-and-linter structure
= Trabeation, trabeated architecture
Trabs = latin for beam
→ Translated into stone idiom
It was an almost literal copy
Fronton: Roof gable
Cornice: Overhang
Trighlyph: Decorated ends of the cross beams
Architectural and construction history Pagina 1
,Trighlyph: Decorated ends of the cross beams
Guttae: small studs beneath the tryghlyph (nails)
Architrave: The beam
Entablature
Architrave
Lowest part of entablature
Rests on the columns in the matter of a lintel
Frieze
Middle horizontal part in between the architrave and cornice
Consisting of the triglyphs and metope
Triglyphs
Block with 3 vertical bands seperated by 3 v-shaped grooves
Menope
Panels between the triglyphs
Mostly used to tell a story or describe the tribute the temple makes
Cornice
Crowning of the entablature also used for windows and walls
Fronton
Frontpiece of pediment
Triangular gable walls above the horizontal cornice
Tympanum
Panels in de fronton, often decorated with relief sculptures
3 Orders
Not just decoration of the capital
→ Design and proportion
→ Entire Column (capital, shaft, base) and entablature (architrave, frieze, cornice)
Doric Order
Column Shaft tapers upward
No Base
Fluted column
Simple Capital without decoration
Strong and geometric solidarity = 'rough and steady'
Diameter of the column = the module to further decide other dimensions
6 Modules high
2 modules distance between the columns
→ Language of architecture is based on proportions
Ionic order
Tall and slim columns
Architectural and construction history Pagina 2
,Tall and slim columns
Stand on a base
Volute-Shaped capitals
Elegant, slender, graceful
Not as modulor as the doric temples (diameter does not always decide other dimensions)
Corinthial Order
Most ornate, decorated
High base
Slender, fluted shaft
Capitals are decorated with acanthus leaves
Showing off
Greek Temples
The Standerdized plan (600 BC)
With big importance of exterior
Originally plastered, polychromy
Acropolis
Large complex of sacred buildings
Temples
Parthenon
Erechtheion
Theaters
Shrines
Altars
Parthenon
Athens, 440 BC
Doric columns
Most sophisticated example of refinements (optical illusions)
Columns lean slightly inwards
Corner columns are slightly thicker, towards the upper part
Stylobate rises slightly towards the middle
Entasis = to stretch or strain'
Bulging / Swelling in the middle
For optimal correction
Give a perseption of stability & some more weight to the building
Architectural and construction history Pagina 3
, Erechtheion
Athens, 421-406 BC
Ionic columns
No peristyle, but 2 porticoes
Caryatides
Sculpted female firgure, serving as architectural support, like a column of a pilar
Temple of Apollo Epicurius
Bassae, 425 BC
Only (known) temple where the three orders were used simultaneously
What about the rest
Buildings outside of temples
Urban Setting: Facilitating dialogue and democracy
The agora
The Stoa
Theatre
Bouleuterion
Private houses
Colclusion from lecture
Architectural and construction history Pagina 4
