BIO 170 Final Exam
Comprehensive Questions
with Verified Answers
Graded A+
1. Characteristics of living things Answer: consists of one or more cells, respond to their
environment, capture energy from the environment and use it to do biological work, maintain
constant internal conditions (homeostasis), contain genetic info used to develop and reproduce
themselves, capacity for evolution
2. scientific method Answer: observation, question, hypothesis, predictions, experiment,
analyze data, make conclu- sions
3. somatic cells Answer: any cell in a multicellular organism except germ cells
4. germ cells Answer: the sex cells with the potential of developing into a gamete
5. gametes Answer: sperm and egg cells for sexual reproduction
,6. chromatin Answer: Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell, condensed versi
of a chromosome
7. chromosome Answer: 2 chromatids attached, carrying genetic info in genes
8. homologous chromosomes Answer: 2 chromosomes with the same genes
9. DNA replication Answer: the process of making a copy of DNA
10. mitosis Answer: cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same
number of chromosomes
11. meiosis Answer: a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the
number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores
12. cytokinesis Answer: division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells
13. haploid Answer: one copy of each chromosome
14. diploid Answer: containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent
15. sister chromatids Answer: Identical copies of a chromosome; full sets of these are
created during the S subphase of interphase
16. genes Answer: DNA that code for proteins
17. genotypes Answer: the genetic makeup of an organism, alleles that you have on your
chromosome
18. gene pool Answer: all alleles for all genes in a population
,19. phenotype Answer: the physical expression of the genotype
20. dominant allele Answer: An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when
the allele is present, (A)
21. recessive allele Answer: An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present (a)
22. gene duplication Answer: duplication of entire gene(s)
23. recombination Answer: the genetic process by which one chromosome breaks ott
and attaches to another chro- mosome during reproductive cell division
24. independent assortment Answer: the random distribution of the pairs of genes
on ditterent chromosomes to the gametes
, 25. locus Answer: Location of a gene on a chromosome
26. homozygous Answer: An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
27. heterozygous Answer: having two ditterent alleles for a trait
28. allele frequency Answer: an abundance of a particular allele among members of a
population
29. genotype frequency Answer: amount of genes in a population
30. Hardy-Weinberg equation Answer: p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
31. p Answer: dominant allele frequency
32. q Answer: recessive allele frequency
33. 2pq Answer: frequency of heterozygous genotype
34. q^2 Answer: frequency of homozygous recessive genotype
35. p^2 Answer: frequency of homozygous dominant genotype
36. Hardy-Weinberg conditions Answer: no mutations, random mating, no natural
selection, extremely large population size, no gene flow
37. Mechanisms of Evolution Answer: mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, natural selectio
non-random mating
Comprehensive Questions
with Verified Answers
Graded A+
1. Characteristics of living things Answer: consists of one or more cells, respond to their
environment, capture energy from the environment and use it to do biological work, maintain
constant internal conditions (homeostasis), contain genetic info used to develop and reproduce
themselves, capacity for evolution
2. scientific method Answer: observation, question, hypothesis, predictions, experiment,
analyze data, make conclu- sions
3. somatic cells Answer: any cell in a multicellular organism except germ cells
4. germ cells Answer: the sex cells with the potential of developing into a gamete
5. gametes Answer: sperm and egg cells for sexual reproduction
,6. chromatin Answer: Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell, condensed versi
of a chromosome
7. chromosome Answer: 2 chromatids attached, carrying genetic info in genes
8. homologous chromosomes Answer: 2 chromosomes with the same genes
9. DNA replication Answer: the process of making a copy of DNA
10. mitosis Answer: cell division in which the nucleus divides into nuclei containing the same
number of chromosomes
11. meiosis Answer: a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each with half the
number of chromosomes of the parent cell, as in the production of gametes and plant spores
12. cytokinesis Answer: division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells
13. haploid Answer: one copy of each chromosome
14. diploid Answer: containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent
15. sister chromatids Answer: Identical copies of a chromosome; full sets of these are
created during the S subphase of interphase
16. genes Answer: DNA that code for proteins
17. genotypes Answer: the genetic makeup of an organism, alleles that you have on your
chromosome
18. gene pool Answer: all alleles for all genes in a population
,19. phenotype Answer: the physical expression of the genotype
20. dominant allele Answer: An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when
the allele is present, (A)
21. recessive allele Answer: An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present (a)
22. gene duplication Answer: duplication of entire gene(s)
23. recombination Answer: the genetic process by which one chromosome breaks ott
and attaches to another chro- mosome during reproductive cell division
24. independent assortment Answer: the random distribution of the pairs of genes
on ditterent chromosomes to the gametes
, 25. locus Answer: Location of a gene on a chromosome
26. homozygous Answer: An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
27. heterozygous Answer: having two ditterent alleles for a trait
28. allele frequency Answer: an abundance of a particular allele among members of a
population
29. genotype frequency Answer: amount of genes in a population
30. Hardy-Weinberg equation Answer: p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
31. p Answer: dominant allele frequency
32. q Answer: recessive allele frequency
33. 2pq Answer: frequency of heterozygous genotype
34. q^2 Answer: frequency of homozygous recessive genotype
35. p^2 Answer: frequency of homozygous dominant genotype
36. Hardy-Weinberg conditions Answer: no mutations, random mating, no natural
selection, extremely large population size, no gene flow
37. Mechanisms of Evolution Answer: mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, natural selectio
non-random mating
