Biology 1108 (KSU) Study Guide Exam 3
Questions with Correct Answers 2025
Porifera CORRECT ANSWER
-Sponges
- basal group
- No specialized tissues
- Spicules (made up of calcium carbonate and silica)
- Internal cells (choanocytes)
- Filters gallons of water to catch food particles
Cnidaria CORRECT ANSWER jellyfish, anemones, corals, hydra
-radially symmetric
- endoderm and ectoderm
- cnidocytes
- sessile and floating animals
- one cavity (mouth/anus)
- corals have photosynthetic zooxanthellae living between their endo and ectoderm
Platyhelminthes CORRECT ANSWER mesoderm evolves
- mouth and anus separate
-Tapeworms, flatworms, liver flukes
- free-living and parasitic
- no limbs
- simple similar to a. Coela (basal of bilateral)
,Mollusca CORRECT ANSWER oysters, clams, snails, slugs, octopi, squid
- head, foot and mantle
- bivalves
- gastropods (snails/slugs), chepalopds (squids/octopus)
- most marine but some terrestrial and freshwater
- soft- bodied animals
- hard calcium carbonate shell
Annelida CORRECT ANSWER Segmented worms - convergent evolution w/ arthropods
- earthworms, leeches, many intertidal saltwater species, and tubeworms
- Tubeworms- have chemoautotrophic bacteria living in their tissues (H2S)
- bacteria break down H2S and provide chemical bonds
- make roots
Nematoda CORRECT ANSWER roundworms
- parasites of both plants and animals
- C. elegans- 1st animal genome to be fully sequenced (1998)
Arthropoda - CORRECT ANSWER -(⅔ of all described species of animals)
- all earth habitats
- Segmented invertebrates with jointed appendages
- Crustaceans (crabs, lobsters, shrimp, barnacles)
- Chelicerates (horeshoe crabs scorpions, spiders)
- Mynapods (millipedes, centipedes)
- Hexapods (insects)
, - Trilobites (extinct, 270 mya)
- external skeleton made of polysaccharide chitin
- crustaceans have calcium carbonate in exoskeleton
- horseshoe crabs- antibody testing (blue blood)
Echinodermata CORRECT ANSWER sessile marine animals
- includes sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers
- shared common ancestor for Echinodermata and Chordates
- radial symmetry evolved from the bilateral symmetry of ancestors
- spiny skin covers a calcium carbonate skeleton
Chordata CORRECT ANSWER Lancelets (first diverged species)
- tubular body, no eyes, and no brain
- ancestor of all chordates had tubular body
-
synamorphies can be seen in embryonic stage and/or at maturity (post anal tail in human
embryos)
Know which phyla are involved in the debate over who is the first-
branching animal lineage, which hypothesis is best supported by the recent research paper,
and what that implies about the common ancestor of all animals regarding tissue and com
plexity CORRECT ANSWER
Porifera (supported by amino acids, maximum parsimony, morphological similarities) (bette
r genetic model), Ctenophora (comb jellies), and Placozoa.
- common ancestor - no specialized tissues, no symmetry, spicules
What phylums belong to the Deuterostomes? CORRECT ANSWER Deuterostomes
- Echinoderms
Questions with Correct Answers 2025
Porifera CORRECT ANSWER
-Sponges
- basal group
- No specialized tissues
- Spicules (made up of calcium carbonate and silica)
- Internal cells (choanocytes)
- Filters gallons of water to catch food particles
Cnidaria CORRECT ANSWER jellyfish, anemones, corals, hydra
-radially symmetric
- endoderm and ectoderm
- cnidocytes
- sessile and floating animals
- one cavity (mouth/anus)
- corals have photosynthetic zooxanthellae living between their endo and ectoderm
Platyhelminthes CORRECT ANSWER mesoderm evolves
- mouth and anus separate
-Tapeworms, flatworms, liver flukes
- free-living and parasitic
- no limbs
- simple similar to a. Coela (basal of bilateral)
,Mollusca CORRECT ANSWER oysters, clams, snails, slugs, octopi, squid
- head, foot and mantle
- bivalves
- gastropods (snails/slugs), chepalopds (squids/octopus)
- most marine but some terrestrial and freshwater
- soft- bodied animals
- hard calcium carbonate shell
Annelida CORRECT ANSWER Segmented worms - convergent evolution w/ arthropods
- earthworms, leeches, many intertidal saltwater species, and tubeworms
- Tubeworms- have chemoautotrophic bacteria living in their tissues (H2S)
- bacteria break down H2S and provide chemical bonds
- make roots
Nematoda CORRECT ANSWER roundworms
- parasites of both plants and animals
- C. elegans- 1st animal genome to be fully sequenced (1998)
Arthropoda - CORRECT ANSWER -(⅔ of all described species of animals)
- all earth habitats
- Segmented invertebrates with jointed appendages
- Crustaceans (crabs, lobsters, shrimp, barnacles)
- Chelicerates (horeshoe crabs scorpions, spiders)
- Mynapods (millipedes, centipedes)
- Hexapods (insects)
, - Trilobites (extinct, 270 mya)
- external skeleton made of polysaccharide chitin
- crustaceans have calcium carbonate in exoskeleton
- horseshoe crabs- antibody testing (blue blood)
Echinodermata CORRECT ANSWER sessile marine animals
- includes sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers
- shared common ancestor for Echinodermata and Chordates
- radial symmetry evolved from the bilateral symmetry of ancestors
- spiny skin covers a calcium carbonate skeleton
Chordata CORRECT ANSWER Lancelets (first diverged species)
- tubular body, no eyes, and no brain
- ancestor of all chordates had tubular body
-
synamorphies can be seen in embryonic stage and/or at maturity (post anal tail in human
embryos)
Know which phyla are involved in the debate over who is the first-
branching animal lineage, which hypothesis is best supported by the recent research paper,
and what that implies about the common ancestor of all animals regarding tissue and com
plexity CORRECT ANSWER
Porifera (supported by amino acids, maximum parsimony, morphological similarities) (bette
r genetic model), Ctenophora (comb jellies), and Placozoa.
- common ancestor - no specialized tissues, no symmetry, spicules
What phylums belong to the Deuterostomes? CORRECT ANSWER Deuterostomes
- Echinoderms
