BIO 202 - EXAM 3 (URINARY) QUESTIONS
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025-2026
kidney functions - CORRECT ANSWER --
Filters blood plasma: separates and eliminates waste: returns useful chemicals to blood
- Regulates blood volume and pressure: eliminates or conserves water as needed
- Regulates osmolarity of body fluids: controls amount of water and solutes eliminated
- Secretes the enzyme renin: activates hormonal mechanisms that control BP and electrolyte balance
- Secretes erythropoietin: controls RBC count
- Regulates PCO2 and acid-base balance
- Detoxifies: eliminates free radicals, toxins and drugs
- Completes final step in synthesizing hormone calcitriol: contributes to calcium homeostasis
waste - CORRECT ANSWER -any substance in the body that is useless to the body
- Toxins, drugs, hormones, salts, hydrogen ion and excess water
metabolic waste - CORRECT ANSWER -produced by the body
- CO2: most expelled by lungs, but some in urine
- Nitrogenous waste
nitrogenous waste - CORRECT ANSWER -- 50% of the nitrogenous waste is urea, a by-
product of protein catabolism
- Proteins are hydrolyzed to amino acids and -
NH2 group is removed to form ammonia and will be converted to urea by the liver
blood urea nitrogen (BUN) - CORRECT ANSWER -nitrogenous waste in the blood
azotemiaelevated BUN - CORRECT ANSWER -elevated BUN may indicate of renal insufficiency
uremia - CORRECT ANSWER -
toxicity of nitrogenous waste, can indicate diarrhea, vomiting, dyspnea, and cardiac arrhythmia
, respiratory - CORRECT ANSWER -excretes carbon dioxide
Integumentary - CORRECT ANSWER -excretes inorganic salts, lactate, and urea in sweat
digestive - CORRECT ANSWER -excretes lipids, bile pigments, cholesterol, and other metabolic wastes
urinary - CORRECT ANSWER -
excretes metabolic wastes, toxins, hormones, salts, hydrogen ions and water
Kidneys location - CORRECT ANSWER -Retroperitoneal at level T12-
L3, lateral surface: convex, medial: concave, hilum: point of entry/exit for nerves, blood vessels, lympha
tic vessels and ureter
layers of kidneys - CORRECT ANSWER --
Renal fascia: tough outer fibrous layer, binds kidneys and associated organs to abdominal wall
-Perineal fat capsule: layer of adipose tissue, cushions kidneys and holds it in place
-Fibrous capsule: encloses kidneys anchored at the hilum, protects the kidney from trauma or infection
Renal parenchyma - CORRECT ANSWER -- glandular tissue that forms urine
o Cortex and medulla (pyramids)
renal sinus - CORRECT ANSWER --
cavity within the kidney, contains blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves, and urine
renal columns - CORRECT ANSWER --
extensions of cortex that project towards renal sinus, divides medullary pyramids
renal pyramids - CORRECT ANSWER -- facing cortex and renal papilla facing sinus
lobe - CORRECT ANSWER -- one pyramid and its overlying cortex
WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025-2026
kidney functions - CORRECT ANSWER --
Filters blood plasma: separates and eliminates waste: returns useful chemicals to blood
- Regulates blood volume and pressure: eliminates or conserves water as needed
- Regulates osmolarity of body fluids: controls amount of water and solutes eliminated
- Secretes the enzyme renin: activates hormonal mechanisms that control BP and electrolyte balance
- Secretes erythropoietin: controls RBC count
- Regulates PCO2 and acid-base balance
- Detoxifies: eliminates free radicals, toxins and drugs
- Completes final step in synthesizing hormone calcitriol: contributes to calcium homeostasis
waste - CORRECT ANSWER -any substance in the body that is useless to the body
- Toxins, drugs, hormones, salts, hydrogen ion and excess water
metabolic waste - CORRECT ANSWER -produced by the body
- CO2: most expelled by lungs, but some in urine
- Nitrogenous waste
nitrogenous waste - CORRECT ANSWER -- 50% of the nitrogenous waste is urea, a by-
product of protein catabolism
- Proteins are hydrolyzed to amino acids and -
NH2 group is removed to form ammonia and will be converted to urea by the liver
blood urea nitrogen (BUN) - CORRECT ANSWER -nitrogenous waste in the blood
azotemiaelevated BUN - CORRECT ANSWER -elevated BUN may indicate of renal insufficiency
uremia - CORRECT ANSWER -
toxicity of nitrogenous waste, can indicate diarrhea, vomiting, dyspnea, and cardiac arrhythmia
, respiratory - CORRECT ANSWER -excretes carbon dioxide
Integumentary - CORRECT ANSWER -excretes inorganic salts, lactate, and urea in sweat
digestive - CORRECT ANSWER -excretes lipids, bile pigments, cholesterol, and other metabolic wastes
urinary - CORRECT ANSWER -
excretes metabolic wastes, toxins, hormones, salts, hydrogen ions and water
Kidneys location - CORRECT ANSWER -Retroperitoneal at level T12-
L3, lateral surface: convex, medial: concave, hilum: point of entry/exit for nerves, blood vessels, lympha
tic vessels and ureter
layers of kidneys - CORRECT ANSWER --
Renal fascia: tough outer fibrous layer, binds kidneys and associated organs to abdominal wall
-Perineal fat capsule: layer of adipose tissue, cushions kidneys and holds it in place
-Fibrous capsule: encloses kidneys anchored at the hilum, protects the kidney from trauma or infection
Renal parenchyma - CORRECT ANSWER -- glandular tissue that forms urine
o Cortex and medulla (pyramids)
renal sinus - CORRECT ANSWER --
cavity within the kidney, contains blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves, and urine
renal columns - CORRECT ANSWER --
extensions of cortex that project towards renal sinus, divides medullary pyramids
renal pyramids - CORRECT ANSWER -- facing cortex and renal papilla facing sinus
lobe - CORRECT ANSWER -- one pyramid and its overlying cortex
