BIOL 202 EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH
VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025-2026
Avery experiment CORRECT ANSWER
obtained transforming factor from the IIIS virulent cells, treated the graction with proteases, ribonuclease
, and deoxuribonuclease, followed by the assay for retention or loss of transforming ability
How bonds do G-C pairs have vs. A-T base pairs? CORRECT ANSWER
G- C: three bonds, takes a higher temperature to separate
A-T: two bonds
Why did Avery and his colleagues perform this experiment? CORRECT
ANSWER to determine the exact molecular species of theL"transforming
principle"
Why were two preparations used in the Hershey and Chase experiment of bacteriophages?
CORRECT ANSWER
Because it was concluded that the component associated with bacteria at the end of the experiment must
be the genetic material, it was critical that the component be identifiable as either DNA or protein.
Which nitrogenous bases are purines? CORRECT ANSWER adenine, guanine
Which nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines? - CORRECT ANSWERL-thymine, uracil, cytosine
Griffith experiment CORRECT ANSWER
Smooth and rough streptococcus pneumoniae. R didn't kill, dead S didn't kill. Combination of dead S and li
ve RLdid kill and live S was recovered
Coding Region CORRECT ANSWER
contains the information for the structure of the expressed protein in all genes (pro- and eu-)
Regulatory Region CORRECT ANSWER
information on where and when a gene will be transcribed during development; usually upstream of the c
oding region in ALL genes
, Termination Region CORRECT ANSWER
"stop" signal for where transcription should end; downstream of coding region
Do prokaryotic genes have introns? CORRECT ANSWER NO! Only eukaryotes have introns
Central dogma CORRECT ANSWER DNA---(transcription)---> RNA ---(translation)---> PROTEIN
How isLan mRNA transcript altered in eukaryotes before it leaves the nucleus? CORRECT
ANSWER cap added, introns removed (exons spliced together), poly A tail added
Where does the ribosome begin translation? CORRECT
ANSWER the first AUG it encounters on the mRNA
Dont forget to CORRECT ANSWER practice pictures before exam
Difference between an allele and a gene CORRECT ANSWER
ALgene is a stretch of DNA that determines a certain trait. Genes mutate and can take two or more alternat
ive forms; an allele is one of these forms of a gene.
Each person born gets two alleles. One from mom and one from dad
DNA ligase forms bonds between DNA Okazaki fragments -LCORRECT ANSWER -
phosphodiester bonds
RNA primers are formed by and serve as an initiation point for DNA synthesis o
n the template. CORRECT ANSWER RNA primase
removesLthe RNA primersLand fills in the gapsLwith DNA nucleotides
CORRECT ANSWER DNA polymerase I
During a PCR, heat is provided to inactivate the polymerase enzyme true or false? -LCORRECT ANSWER -
False
VERIFIED ANSWERS 2025-2026
Avery experiment CORRECT ANSWER
obtained transforming factor from the IIIS virulent cells, treated the graction with proteases, ribonuclease
, and deoxuribonuclease, followed by the assay for retention or loss of transforming ability
How bonds do G-C pairs have vs. A-T base pairs? CORRECT ANSWER
G- C: three bonds, takes a higher temperature to separate
A-T: two bonds
Why did Avery and his colleagues perform this experiment? CORRECT
ANSWER to determine the exact molecular species of theL"transforming
principle"
Why were two preparations used in the Hershey and Chase experiment of bacteriophages?
CORRECT ANSWER
Because it was concluded that the component associated with bacteria at the end of the experiment must
be the genetic material, it was critical that the component be identifiable as either DNA or protein.
Which nitrogenous bases are purines? CORRECT ANSWER adenine, guanine
Which nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines? - CORRECT ANSWERL-thymine, uracil, cytosine
Griffith experiment CORRECT ANSWER
Smooth and rough streptococcus pneumoniae. R didn't kill, dead S didn't kill. Combination of dead S and li
ve RLdid kill and live S was recovered
Coding Region CORRECT ANSWER
contains the information for the structure of the expressed protein in all genes (pro- and eu-)
Regulatory Region CORRECT ANSWER
information on where and when a gene will be transcribed during development; usually upstream of the c
oding region in ALL genes
, Termination Region CORRECT ANSWER
"stop" signal for where transcription should end; downstream of coding region
Do prokaryotic genes have introns? CORRECT ANSWER NO! Only eukaryotes have introns
Central dogma CORRECT ANSWER DNA---(transcription)---> RNA ---(translation)---> PROTEIN
How isLan mRNA transcript altered in eukaryotes before it leaves the nucleus? CORRECT
ANSWER cap added, introns removed (exons spliced together), poly A tail added
Where does the ribosome begin translation? CORRECT
ANSWER the first AUG it encounters on the mRNA
Dont forget to CORRECT ANSWER practice pictures before exam
Difference between an allele and a gene CORRECT ANSWER
ALgene is a stretch of DNA that determines a certain trait. Genes mutate and can take two or more alternat
ive forms; an allele is one of these forms of a gene.
Each person born gets two alleles. One from mom and one from dad
DNA ligase forms bonds between DNA Okazaki fragments -LCORRECT ANSWER -
phosphodiester bonds
RNA primers are formed by and serve as an initiation point for DNA synthesis o
n the template. CORRECT ANSWER RNA primase
removesLthe RNA primersLand fills in the gapsLwith DNA nucleotides
CORRECT ANSWER DNA polymerase I
During a PCR, heat is provided to inactivate the polymerase enzyme true or false? -LCORRECT ANSWER -
False
