WGU D027 Study Guide Advanced Path
pharmacological Foundations (Latest
update 2026- 2027) Questions and
Answers 100% Correct {GRADE A}
Diuretics - correct answer 2 hours after oral intake, peaks at 4-6 hours, lasts 12 hours
Thiazide Diuretics - correct answer block reabsorption (10%) in distal convoluted
tubule; not used in kidney failure, can cause hypokalemia, not used in sickle cell
disease
Loop diuretics - correct answer Furosemide; blocks reabsorption (20%) in loop of
Henle
Potassium-sparing diuretics - correct answer Spironolactone (Aldactone); distal
nephron, holds K, excretes sodium, takes 48 hours to work
Angiotensin II - correct answer vasocontraction; increased bp by acting on adrenal
cortex secreting aldosterone
Antiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBS) - correct answer Sartan; blocks action of
angiotensin II, second choice if cannot tolerate ACE for htn and HF
Diabetes diagnosis - correct answer Hgb A1C is most reliable assessment of blood
glucose over 3 month period. Poor control is >9%, goal is <6.5% in healthy people
, WGU D027 Study Guide Advanced Path
pharmacological Foundations (Latest
update 2026- 2027) Questions and
Answers 100% Correct {GRADE A}
Short acting insulin - correct answer lispro (Humalog)/Aspart (NovoLog)/glulisine
(aspirdra)
Long acting insulin - correct answer glargine (Lantus) - most painful; detemir
(levemir)
Metformin - correct answer first drug of choice with new Type 2 Diabetes; inhibits
glucose in liver, slightly reduces glycose absorption in gut, increases glucose uptake;
DOES NOT drive insulin down, very low risk for hypoglycemia
TSH levels - correct answer normal range is 0.4 to 4.0 mu/L. If you are being treated
for a thyroid disorder, the normal range is 0.5 to 3.0 mu/L. A value above the normal
range indicates that the thyroid is underactive. This indicates hypothyroidism.
Hypothyroidism Presentation - correct answer inadequate amounts of hormone;
slows body function and processes, cold, pale puffy face, skin cool and dry, low HR,
low temp, lethargy, fatigue
Hypothyroidism in pregnancy - correct answer must treat to avoid neuro issues in
child
, WGU D027 Study Guide Advanced Path
pharmacological Foundations (Latest
update 2026- 2027) Questions and
Answers 100% Correct {GRADE A}
Hypothyroidism in newborns - correct answer require replacement within a few days,
lasts for 3 years, prevents mental development changes and growth patters, dwarfish
How do you take Levothyroxine (t4) - correct answer on an empty stomach for
increased absorption
Hashimoto disease presentation - correct answer weight gain and fatigue;
autoimmune disease
Hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis) presentation - correct answer elevations in T4 and
T3, tachyarrhythmias, anxiety, insomnia, rapid speech, hot
Graves Disease - correct answer women 20-40 most susceptible, remove or destroy
thyroid tissue or suppress with drugs (methimazole or propylthiouracil), treat with
Iodine - I31, beta blockers also used to suppress release of thyroid hormones
Plummer disease (toxic nodular goiter) - correct answer result of thyroid adenoma
(tumor), same as Graves disease, but absence of exophthalmos (bulging eyes)
Thyroid storm - correct answer caused by major surgery or severe illness such as
sepsis, 105 F, severe tachycardia, restlessness, tremor, heart failure, coma. Treat with
Propylthiouracil (PTU), symptom management
pharmacological Foundations (Latest
update 2026- 2027) Questions and
Answers 100% Correct {GRADE A}
Diuretics - correct answer 2 hours after oral intake, peaks at 4-6 hours, lasts 12 hours
Thiazide Diuretics - correct answer block reabsorption (10%) in distal convoluted
tubule; not used in kidney failure, can cause hypokalemia, not used in sickle cell
disease
Loop diuretics - correct answer Furosemide; blocks reabsorption (20%) in loop of
Henle
Potassium-sparing diuretics - correct answer Spironolactone (Aldactone); distal
nephron, holds K, excretes sodium, takes 48 hours to work
Angiotensin II - correct answer vasocontraction; increased bp by acting on adrenal
cortex secreting aldosterone
Antiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBS) - correct answer Sartan; blocks action of
angiotensin II, second choice if cannot tolerate ACE for htn and HF
Diabetes diagnosis - correct answer Hgb A1C is most reliable assessment of blood
glucose over 3 month period. Poor control is >9%, goal is <6.5% in healthy people
, WGU D027 Study Guide Advanced Path
pharmacological Foundations (Latest
update 2026- 2027) Questions and
Answers 100% Correct {GRADE A}
Short acting insulin - correct answer lispro (Humalog)/Aspart (NovoLog)/glulisine
(aspirdra)
Long acting insulin - correct answer glargine (Lantus) - most painful; detemir
(levemir)
Metformin - correct answer first drug of choice with new Type 2 Diabetes; inhibits
glucose in liver, slightly reduces glycose absorption in gut, increases glucose uptake;
DOES NOT drive insulin down, very low risk for hypoglycemia
TSH levels - correct answer normal range is 0.4 to 4.0 mu/L. If you are being treated
for a thyroid disorder, the normal range is 0.5 to 3.0 mu/L. A value above the normal
range indicates that the thyroid is underactive. This indicates hypothyroidism.
Hypothyroidism Presentation - correct answer inadequate amounts of hormone;
slows body function and processes, cold, pale puffy face, skin cool and dry, low HR,
low temp, lethargy, fatigue
Hypothyroidism in pregnancy - correct answer must treat to avoid neuro issues in
child
, WGU D027 Study Guide Advanced Path
pharmacological Foundations (Latest
update 2026- 2027) Questions and
Answers 100% Correct {GRADE A}
Hypothyroidism in newborns - correct answer require replacement within a few days,
lasts for 3 years, prevents mental development changes and growth patters, dwarfish
How do you take Levothyroxine (t4) - correct answer on an empty stomach for
increased absorption
Hashimoto disease presentation - correct answer weight gain and fatigue;
autoimmune disease
Hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis) presentation - correct answer elevations in T4 and
T3, tachyarrhythmias, anxiety, insomnia, rapid speech, hot
Graves Disease - correct answer women 20-40 most susceptible, remove or destroy
thyroid tissue or suppress with drugs (methimazole or propylthiouracil), treat with
Iodine - I31, beta blockers also used to suppress release of thyroid hormones
Plummer disease (toxic nodular goiter) - correct answer result of thyroid adenoma
(tumor), same as Graves disease, but absence of exophthalmos (bulging eyes)
Thyroid storm - correct answer caused by major surgery or severe illness such as
sepsis, 105 F, severe tachycardia, restlessness, tremor, heart failure, coma. Treat with
Propylthiouracil (PTU), symptom management
