Nur 2063 Modle 4-6 Final EXAM NEWEST VERSION
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+
chyme or bile periodically backs up from the stomach
Gastroesophageal reflux
disease into the esophagus, irritating the esophageal mucosa
heartburn, epigastric pain (usually after a meal or when
Manifestations
recombinant), dysphagia, dry cough, laryngitis,
gastroesophageal reflux
pharyngitis, regurgitation of food, and sensation of a
disease
lump in the throat
Gastroesophageal reflux with angina and may warrant ruling out cardiac disease
disease is often confused
Gastroesophageal reflux esophagitis, strictures, ulcerations, esophageal cancer,
disease complications and chronic pulmonary disease
Esophageal cancer is a serious potential complication of gastroesophageal reflux
disorder (GERD)
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) lesions affecting stomach lining or duodenum (small intestine)
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections
caused by
Clinical manifestation of Heartburn
Peptic ulcer disease
peptic ulcer in the stomach is gastric ulcer
called
peptic ulcer that develops in duodenal ulcer
the first part of the small
intestine (duodenum) is
called a
Duodenal ulcers are mostly excessive acid or Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections
associated with
Duodenal ulcers are typically that is relieved in the presence of food
present with epigastric pain
may begin in the middle of the night or 30 minutes to 2
Epigastric pain
hours after eating when the stomach is empty
Gastric ulcers are less frequent but more deadly
Gastric ulcers Typically associated with malignancy and nonsteroidal anti-
, inflammatory drugs
Gastric ulcers pain are typically worsens with eating
gastric ulcer can cause Occult blood in stool with chronic bleeding
Stress ulcers Develop because of a major physiological stressor on the body
Hematemesis is a clinical manifestation that should be
Stress ulcer clinical
manifestation immediately reported to the provider
Cholelithiasis gallstones
bile flow and cause gallbladder rupture, fistula formation,
Cholelithiasis may obstruct
gangrene, hepatitis, pancreatitis, and carcinoma
Expected finding when severe right upper quadrant pain
gallstones obstruct the bile
duct is
- inflammation of the liver
Hepatitis
◦ Most common hepatitis viruses are hepatitis A, B, C
Hepatitis A most likely to be contracted through fecal-oral transmission
Hepatitis B spread through blood, body fluids
Spread through blood or body fluids, needles or sharp
Hepatitis C
instruments (tattoos, piercings)
Both hepatitis B and hepatitis can increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma
C
, chronic, progressive, irreversible, diffuse damage to the
Cirrhosis
liver resulting in decreased liver function
increased serum bilirubin
Jaundice
◦ Common sign of liver disease
Metabolism of bilirubin by-product of the destruction of aged RBCs
- Scarring narrows and compresses blood vessels and
Portal hypertension obstruct blood flow from portal vein to the hepatic vein
resulting in increased pressure of the portal venous
system
In portal hypertension as collateral vessels are opened in the esophagus, anterior
pressure in the portal abdominal wall and rectum
venous system increases
Most common clinical is vomiting blood from esophageal varices
manifestation of portal
hypertension
Esophageal bleeding is a high rate of mortality
associated with
Pancreatitis Inflammation of the pancreas, acute or chronic
Acute pancreatitis - gallstones are often the main cause
Chronic pancreatitis alcoholism is often the main cause
Change in bowel pattern characterized by an
Diarrhea
increased frequency, amount, and water content of
the stool
Results because of ◦ decreased fluid absorption, or an alteration in GI peristalsis
increased fluid
secretion are
Antibiotics may lead ◦ to the destruction of the normal gut flora → diarrhea
Appendicitis - Inflammation of the vermiform appendix, most often caused by
an infection
◦ Fever, nausea, occasional diarrhea, rebound
Clinical manifestation of
Appendicitis tenderness (pain upon removal of pressure) after
palpation
Intestinal obstruction blockage of intestinal contents in the small or large intestines
Tumors, adhesions, hernias, intussusception, strictures,
Mechanical obstructions
Crohn's disease, diverticulitis, Hirschsprung's disease, and
fecal impaction
COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|ALREADY GRADED A+
chyme or bile periodically backs up from the stomach
Gastroesophageal reflux
disease into the esophagus, irritating the esophageal mucosa
heartburn, epigastric pain (usually after a meal or when
Manifestations
recombinant), dysphagia, dry cough, laryngitis,
gastroesophageal reflux
pharyngitis, regurgitation of food, and sensation of a
disease
lump in the throat
Gastroesophageal reflux with angina and may warrant ruling out cardiac disease
disease is often confused
Gastroesophageal reflux esophagitis, strictures, ulcerations, esophageal cancer,
disease complications and chronic pulmonary disease
Esophageal cancer is a serious potential complication of gastroesophageal reflux
disorder (GERD)
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) lesions affecting stomach lining or duodenum (small intestine)
Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections
caused by
Clinical manifestation of Heartburn
Peptic ulcer disease
peptic ulcer in the stomach is gastric ulcer
called
peptic ulcer that develops in duodenal ulcer
the first part of the small
intestine (duodenum) is
called a
Duodenal ulcers are mostly excessive acid or Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infections
associated with
Duodenal ulcers are typically that is relieved in the presence of food
present with epigastric pain
may begin in the middle of the night or 30 minutes to 2
Epigastric pain
hours after eating when the stomach is empty
Gastric ulcers are less frequent but more deadly
Gastric ulcers Typically associated with malignancy and nonsteroidal anti-
, inflammatory drugs
Gastric ulcers pain are typically worsens with eating
gastric ulcer can cause Occult blood in stool with chronic bleeding
Stress ulcers Develop because of a major physiological stressor on the body
Hematemesis is a clinical manifestation that should be
Stress ulcer clinical
manifestation immediately reported to the provider
Cholelithiasis gallstones
bile flow and cause gallbladder rupture, fistula formation,
Cholelithiasis may obstruct
gangrene, hepatitis, pancreatitis, and carcinoma
Expected finding when severe right upper quadrant pain
gallstones obstruct the bile
duct is
- inflammation of the liver
Hepatitis
◦ Most common hepatitis viruses are hepatitis A, B, C
Hepatitis A most likely to be contracted through fecal-oral transmission
Hepatitis B spread through blood, body fluids
Spread through blood or body fluids, needles or sharp
Hepatitis C
instruments (tattoos, piercings)
Both hepatitis B and hepatitis can increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma
C
, chronic, progressive, irreversible, diffuse damage to the
Cirrhosis
liver resulting in decreased liver function
increased serum bilirubin
Jaundice
◦ Common sign of liver disease
Metabolism of bilirubin by-product of the destruction of aged RBCs
- Scarring narrows and compresses blood vessels and
Portal hypertension obstruct blood flow from portal vein to the hepatic vein
resulting in increased pressure of the portal venous
system
In portal hypertension as collateral vessels are opened in the esophagus, anterior
pressure in the portal abdominal wall and rectum
venous system increases
Most common clinical is vomiting blood from esophageal varices
manifestation of portal
hypertension
Esophageal bleeding is a high rate of mortality
associated with
Pancreatitis Inflammation of the pancreas, acute or chronic
Acute pancreatitis - gallstones are often the main cause
Chronic pancreatitis alcoholism is often the main cause
Change in bowel pattern characterized by an
Diarrhea
increased frequency, amount, and water content of
the stool
Results because of ◦ decreased fluid absorption, or an alteration in GI peristalsis
increased fluid
secretion are
Antibiotics may lead ◦ to the destruction of the normal gut flora → diarrhea
Appendicitis - Inflammation of the vermiform appendix, most often caused by
an infection
◦ Fever, nausea, occasional diarrhea, rebound
Clinical manifestation of
Appendicitis tenderness (pain upon removal of pressure) after
palpation
Intestinal obstruction blockage of intestinal contents in the small or large intestines
Tumors, adhesions, hernias, intussusception, strictures,
Mechanical obstructions
Crohn's disease, diverticulitis, Hirschsprung's disease, and
fecal impaction
