BIOL 2457- EXAM 5: ANS & SENSORY SYSTEM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Control center locations CORRECT ANSWER brainstem & spinal cord
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) effectors CORRECT ANSWER cardiac muscle, smooth
muscle, and glands
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)- Sympathetic (SNS) Neurotransmitters CORRECT ANSWER
Acetylcholine from CNS=> Norepinephrine (NE)/ Epinephrine (E) at effector (inhibitory)
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)- Parasympathetic (PNS) Neurotransmitters CORRECT
ANSWER Acetylcholine from CNS=> Acetylcholine at effector (excitatory)
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) neurotransmitter pathways of PNS CORRECT ANSWER
2 neuron chain from CNS to effector organs: lightly myelinated preganglionic axons=> ach
release at ganglion=> nonmyelinated postganglionic axon=> Ach at effector organ (+)
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) neurotransmitter pathways of sympathetic NS - CORRECT
ANSWER -2 neuron chain from CNS to effector organs: lightly myelinated pre-ganglionic axons=>
ach release=> either nonmyelinated postganglionic axon OR E&NE release from adrenal medulla
to blood vessel=> NE/E release at effector organ
NE CORRECT ANSWER inhibitory (-)
E CORRECT ANSWER excitatory (+)
, Somatic nervous system (SNS) pathway CORRECT ANSWER single, heavily myelinated
neuron from CNS to effector organs=> Ach release at effector organs
Somatic nervous system effector organs CORRECT ANSWER skeletal muscle fibers
Ach CORRECT ANSWER excitatory (+)
Somatic nervous system neurotransmitters CORRECT ANSWER Acetylcholine (ach) only
Somatic nervous system (SNS) control centers CORRECT ANSWER brain & spinal cord
Role of varicosities in the sympathetic nervous system CORRECT ANSWER location
where action potentials arrive at voltage-gated Ca2+ channel=> causing Ca2+ channels to open
within synaptic vesicles=> exocytosis of synaptic vesicles (containing neurotransmitters) from
the
varicosity
Location of varicosities CORRECT ANSWER smooth muscle fibers
Origin for parasympathetic branch CORRECT ANSWER brain stem (cranial fibers) or
sacral spinal cord
Origin of sympathetic branch CORRECT ANSWER thoracic and lumbar spinal cord
Locations of parasympathetic branch CORRECT ANSWER visceral organs- small & large
intestines
Some blood vessels
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2025/2026
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Control center locations CORRECT ANSWER brainstem & spinal cord
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) effectors CORRECT ANSWER cardiac muscle, smooth
muscle, and glands
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)- Sympathetic (SNS) Neurotransmitters CORRECT ANSWER
Acetylcholine from CNS=> Norepinephrine (NE)/ Epinephrine (E) at effector (inhibitory)
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)- Parasympathetic (PNS) Neurotransmitters CORRECT
ANSWER Acetylcholine from CNS=> Acetylcholine at effector (excitatory)
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) neurotransmitter pathways of PNS CORRECT ANSWER
2 neuron chain from CNS to effector organs: lightly myelinated preganglionic axons=> ach
release at ganglion=> nonmyelinated postganglionic axon=> Ach at effector organ (+)
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) neurotransmitter pathways of sympathetic NS - CORRECT
ANSWER -2 neuron chain from CNS to effector organs: lightly myelinated pre-ganglionic axons=>
ach release=> either nonmyelinated postganglionic axon OR E&NE release from adrenal medulla
to blood vessel=> NE/E release at effector organ
NE CORRECT ANSWER inhibitory (-)
E CORRECT ANSWER excitatory (+)
, Somatic nervous system (SNS) pathway CORRECT ANSWER single, heavily myelinated
neuron from CNS to effector organs=> Ach release at effector organs
Somatic nervous system effector organs CORRECT ANSWER skeletal muscle fibers
Ach CORRECT ANSWER excitatory (+)
Somatic nervous system neurotransmitters CORRECT ANSWER Acetylcholine (ach) only
Somatic nervous system (SNS) control centers CORRECT ANSWER brain & spinal cord
Role of varicosities in the sympathetic nervous system CORRECT ANSWER location
where action potentials arrive at voltage-gated Ca2+ channel=> causing Ca2+ channels to open
within synaptic vesicles=> exocytosis of synaptic vesicles (containing neurotransmitters) from
the
varicosity
Location of varicosities CORRECT ANSWER smooth muscle fibers
Origin for parasympathetic branch CORRECT ANSWER brain stem (cranial fibers) or
sacral spinal cord
Origin of sympathetic branch CORRECT ANSWER thoracic and lumbar spinal cord
Locations of parasympathetic branch CORRECT ANSWER visceral organs- small & large
intestines
Some blood vessels
