NAVLE PREP QUESTIONS COMPLETE QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS(DETAILED ANSWERS)|
ALREADY GRADED A+
This 25 year old Quarter Horse mare is presented for evaluation in July in the northern hemisphere. She
is diagnosed with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction. Which one of the following medications would
be most likely to be beneficial to this mare?
A - Isoxsuprine
B - Glucocorticoids
C - Pentoxifylline
D - Pergolide
E - Methimazole - CORRECT ANSWERS-D
Pergolide is the treatment of choice for pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID). PPID is
characterized by degeneration of dopamine producing neurons in the hypothalamus that normally exert
an inhibitory action on the pituitary pars intermedia, resulting in functional adenomas in the pars
intermedia that produce high levels of adrenocorticotropin hormone.
Clinical signs and laboratory findings include hypertrichosis, poor muscle tone, laminitis, hyperglycemia
and insulin resistance, and increased susceptibility to infection. Diagnosis is commonly made by
documenting increases in plasma adrenocorticotropin hormone levels in affected animals.
An aged intact female potbellied pig presents for evaluation of abdominal distension. A large mass
contiguous with the uterine wall is discovered with ultrasound exam of the abdomen. Which of the
following choices is the most likely cause of this finding?
A - Uterine leiomyoma
B - Endometritis
C - Adenocarcinoma of the cervix
D - Lymphosarcoma
E - Endometrial hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWERS-A
,The most likely cause of a large uterine mass in an intact female potbellied pig is a uterine leiomyoma.
These tumors do not typically metastasize so a cure may be achieved by surgical removal of the uterus.
A 10-year old German Shepherd presents to you with the complaint of licking the anal area and scooting.
On examination, you find numerous ulcerated tracts in the perianal area that are draining purulent fluid.
What is the diagnosis?
A - Perianal fistula
B - Clostridial colitis
C - Anal sac abscess
D - Anal sac impaction - CORRECT ANSWERS-A
The correct answer is perianal fistula. This is seen mainly in older German Shepherds, and licking the
anus is a common presenting complaint. The key finding is the presence of multiple draining tracts in the
perianal region that can actually be quite deep.
Damage to the left recurrent laryngeal nerve is associated with "roaring" in horses. The left recurrent
laryngeal nerve is a branch off of which cranial nerve?
A - Glossopharyngeal (CN 9)
B - Facial (CN 7)
C - Trigeminal (CN 5)
D - Hypoglossal (CN 12)
E - Vagus (CN 10) - CORRECT ANSWERS-E
Damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (a branch of the Vagus (CN 10)) causes laryngeal hemiplegia - a
paralysis of the abductor muscle (dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle) controlling the glottic cleft in the larynx.
This allows the vocal fold (usually left side) to evert into the lumen of the larynx, obstructing airflow,
leading to a roaring sound, and most importantly, slowing the horse.
,Oral administration of which of these drugs has been implicated as a cause of esophageal strictures in
cats?
A - Doxycycline
B - Azithromycin
C - Diazepam
D - Potassium bromide - CORRECT ANSWERS-A
The correct answer is doxycycline. There is also evidence that clindamycin can cause stricture formation.
For this reason, it is recommended that after pilling a cat with doxycycline, it is followed with a small
volume (5-10 mls) of water.
A 5 year old female spayed Cocker Spaniel is presented with a strange expression. Her right ear and lip
appear to droop. There is ptosis O.D. (right eye) and the dog is drooling on the exam table. What
anatomic structure is damaged?
A - Right side inner ear
B - Left side inner ear
C - Trigeminal nerve
D - Facial nerve
E - Left side medulla, motor tract - CORRECT ANSWERS-D
Think of facial nerve paralysis (CN 7) with a unilaterally droopy face.
Remember the facial nerve is motor to the muscles of facial expression (explaining the right side
drooped ear, lip and eyelid) and innervates the lacrimal and salivary glands. Loss of innervations can lead
to a dry eye, and possibly to exposure keratitis if animal losses ability to close eyelid from damage to
facial nerve innervation of the orbicularis oculi muscle. Idiopathic in 75% of canine cases (25% of cats).
Can also see these signs with middle ear damage (from otitis media), from facial nerve trauma (ear
surgery in dogs, or pressure from halter buckles in anesthetized horse), or neoplasia.
, Think more of a dropped jaw with trigeminal nerve neuropathy (CN 5-dogs, horses).
You see an 8-month old kitten with the effusive form of feline infectious peritonitis and perform
euthanasia. The kitten was having severe diarrhea around the house when it became ill. The owner has a
2 year old cat at home and wants to know what this cat's prognosis is since it has been exposed to the
sick kitten. Currently this cat is clinically healthy. What do you tell her?
A - You recommend a coronavirus titer to determine it the cat is actively infected
B - Her other cat may develop symptoms within the next two weeks because FIP is highly contagious
C - Feline infectious peritonitis is not contagious and because her other cat died of FIP does not mean
this cat will succumb to the disease
D - Place the cat on L-lysine to prevent or suppress any infection with FIP
E - Perform a PCR on the cat's feces to see if the virus is being shed - CORRECT ANSWERS-C
Feline infectious peritonitis is not a contagious disease. It is a disease that is caused by a mutation of
feline enteric coronavirus. It is unknown why in some patients this virus mutates and causes the FIP
syndrome. It is most likely to occur in young or immunocompromised cats. Her other cat is not
necessarily going to get FIP just from exposure. In fact, the majority of the cat population has been
exposed to the feline enteric coronavirus.
Because most cats in the general population have been exposed, it makes interpretation of coronavirus
titers difficult. The titers can be elevated due to prior exposure and not from FIP. The titers can only be
interpreted in lieu of clinical signs, blood results, etc.
L-lysine is an anti-viral medication that may have some benefit for suppression of herpes virus but would
not be a prevention or treatment choice for coronavirus.
The coronavirus is shed in the cat's feces during active infection with coronavirus. Some infected cats do
not shed the virus. The virus attacks the intestinal tract and causes GI upset. PCR on the feces would
detect coronavirus, but does not distinguish between the enteric coronavirus and the mutated FIP form
of the virus.
CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS(DETAILED ANSWERS)|
ALREADY GRADED A+
This 25 year old Quarter Horse mare is presented for evaluation in July in the northern hemisphere. She
is diagnosed with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction. Which one of the following medications would
be most likely to be beneficial to this mare?
A - Isoxsuprine
B - Glucocorticoids
C - Pentoxifylline
D - Pergolide
E - Methimazole - CORRECT ANSWERS-D
Pergolide is the treatment of choice for pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID). PPID is
characterized by degeneration of dopamine producing neurons in the hypothalamus that normally exert
an inhibitory action on the pituitary pars intermedia, resulting in functional adenomas in the pars
intermedia that produce high levels of adrenocorticotropin hormone.
Clinical signs and laboratory findings include hypertrichosis, poor muscle tone, laminitis, hyperglycemia
and insulin resistance, and increased susceptibility to infection. Diagnosis is commonly made by
documenting increases in plasma adrenocorticotropin hormone levels in affected animals.
An aged intact female potbellied pig presents for evaluation of abdominal distension. A large mass
contiguous with the uterine wall is discovered with ultrasound exam of the abdomen. Which of the
following choices is the most likely cause of this finding?
A - Uterine leiomyoma
B - Endometritis
C - Adenocarcinoma of the cervix
D - Lymphosarcoma
E - Endometrial hyperplasia - CORRECT ANSWERS-A
,The most likely cause of a large uterine mass in an intact female potbellied pig is a uterine leiomyoma.
These tumors do not typically metastasize so a cure may be achieved by surgical removal of the uterus.
A 10-year old German Shepherd presents to you with the complaint of licking the anal area and scooting.
On examination, you find numerous ulcerated tracts in the perianal area that are draining purulent fluid.
What is the diagnosis?
A - Perianal fistula
B - Clostridial colitis
C - Anal sac abscess
D - Anal sac impaction - CORRECT ANSWERS-A
The correct answer is perianal fistula. This is seen mainly in older German Shepherds, and licking the
anus is a common presenting complaint. The key finding is the presence of multiple draining tracts in the
perianal region that can actually be quite deep.
Damage to the left recurrent laryngeal nerve is associated with "roaring" in horses. The left recurrent
laryngeal nerve is a branch off of which cranial nerve?
A - Glossopharyngeal (CN 9)
B - Facial (CN 7)
C - Trigeminal (CN 5)
D - Hypoglossal (CN 12)
E - Vagus (CN 10) - CORRECT ANSWERS-E
Damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (a branch of the Vagus (CN 10)) causes laryngeal hemiplegia - a
paralysis of the abductor muscle (dorsal cricoarytenoid muscle) controlling the glottic cleft in the larynx.
This allows the vocal fold (usually left side) to evert into the lumen of the larynx, obstructing airflow,
leading to a roaring sound, and most importantly, slowing the horse.
,Oral administration of which of these drugs has been implicated as a cause of esophageal strictures in
cats?
A - Doxycycline
B - Azithromycin
C - Diazepam
D - Potassium bromide - CORRECT ANSWERS-A
The correct answer is doxycycline. There is also evidence that clindamycin can cause stricture formation.
For this reason, it is recommended that after pilling a cat with doxycycline, it is followed with a small
volume (5-10 mls) of water.
A 5 year old female spayed Cocker Spaniel is presented with a strange expression. Her right ear and lip
appear to droop. There is ptosis O.D. (right eye) and the dog is drooling on the exam table. What
anatomic structure is damaged?
A - Right side inner ear
B - Left side inner ear
C - Trigeminal nerve
D - Facial nerve
E - Left side medulla, motor tract - CORRECT ANSWERS-D
Think of facial nerve paralysis (CN 7) with a unilaterally droopy face.
Remember the facial nerve is motor to the muscles of facial expression (explaining the right side
drooped ear, lip and eyelid) and innervates the lacrimal and salivary glands. Loss of innervations can lead
to a dry eye, and possibly to exposure keratitis if animal losses ability to close eyelid from damage to
facial nerve innervation of the orbicularis oculi muscle. Idiopathic in 75% of canine cases (25% of cats).
Can also see these signs with middle ear damage (from otitis media), from facial nerve trauma (ear
surgery in dogs, or pressure from halter buckles in anesthetized horse), or neoplasia.
, Think more of a dropped jaw with trigeminal nerve neuropathy (CN 5-dogs, horses).
You see an 8-month old kitten with the effusive form of feline infectious peritonitis and perform
euthanasia. The kitten was having severe diarrhea around the house when it became ill. The owner has a
2 year old cat at home and wants to know what this cat's prognosis is since it has been exposed to the
sick kitten. Currently this cat is clinically healthy. What do you tell her?
A - You recommend a coronavirus titer to determine it the cat is actively infected
B - Her other cat may develop symptoms within the next two weeks because FIP is highly contagious
C - Feline infectious peritonitis is not contagious and because her other cat died of FIP does not mean
this cat will succumb to the disease
D - Place the cat on L-lysine to prevent or suppress any infection with FIP
E - Perform a PCR on the cat's feces to see if the virus is being shed - CORRECT ANSWERS-C
Feline infectious peritonitis is not a contagious disease. It is a disease that is caused by a mutation of
feline enteric coronavirus. It is unknown why in some patients this virus mutates and causes the FIP
syndrome. It is most likely to occur in young or immunocompromised cats. Her other cat is not
necessarily going to get FIP just from exposure. In fact, the majority of the cat population has been
exposed to the feline enteric coronavirus.
Because most cats in the general population have been exposed, it makes interpretation of coronavirus
titers difficult. The titers can be elevated due to prior exposure and not from FIP. The titers can only be
interpreted in lieu of clinical signs, blood results, etc.
L-lysine is an anti-viral medication that may have some benefit for suppression of herpes virus but would
not be a prevention or treatment choice for coronavirus.
The coronavirus is shed in the cat's feces during active infection with coronavirus. Some infected cats do
not shed the virus. The virus attacks the intestinal tract and causes GI upset. PCR on the feces would
detect coronavirus, but does not distinguish between the enteric coronavirus and the mutated FIP form
of the virus.
