BREATHING AND EXCHANGE OF GASES
BREATHING The process of exchanging oxygen from the
atmosphere with carbon dioxide produced by
the cell is called
breathing
Oxygen is utilised by organisms to indirectly
break down simple molecules
Mechanism of
breathing vary among different groups
animals
depending mainly on
their habitats and
of
levels of organisation
ORGANISMS MECHANISM
Sponges
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Insects Airsacs
Tracheal tubes
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Aquatic arthropods Gills
m and Branchial
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amphibians reptiles
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Pulmonary ftfiff
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A pairofnostrils
PHARYNX common for food masaintmilliessage
passage
and air
pharynx
LARYNX cartilaginous box asinn
ep oFdS helps in sound production
also called sound box tratica
µ
opening of larynx is glotis Brittani B 8Eni
4 glottis is covered by thin elastic primary Bronchi
PrimtryBronchi
flap calledepiglottis
cartilaginous secondaryBronchi Secondary Bronchi
to prevent the entry offoodinto btronchi Tertiary
bEonchi
tertiary
Larynx initial brischioles initial
broInchioles
Terminal bronchioles Terminal bronchioles
TRACHEA straight tube aneol
extend to the midthoracic
up avoid
cavity
divides at the level
of 5ᵗʰ thoracic vertebra into a right
and left primary bronchi
each bronchi undergoes repeated divisions to
BRONCHI form primary
secondary tertiary initial and verythin terminal bronchioles
The trachea primary secondary tertiarybronchi and initial bronchiole
are supported by incomplete cartilaginous rings
Each terminal bronchioles give rise to a number
of very thin
irregular walled and vascularised like structure called
bag
Evel
LUNGS The branching network of bronchi bronchioles and alveoli
comprises lungs
Lungs are paired structure
situated in thoracic cavity
PLEURA
Lungs are covered by double layered pleura with
pleural fluid between them
BREATHING The process of exchanging oxygen from the
atmosphere with carbon dioxide produced by
the cell is called
breathing
Oxygen is utilised by organisms to indirectly
break down simple molecules
Mechanism of
breathing vary among different groups
animals
depending mainly on
their habitats and
of
levels of organisation
ORGANISMS MECHANISM
Sponges
fi
ameratesana ifeng.hamdk669 fifffiffffffffffffffffffffiffhassi
flatworms
Earthworms Moist skin nnI.at
na iri
cutaneous nosfTffTffF'thirst.iro
frogs www
Insects Airsacs
Tracheal tubes
fff If
otFfItIItFF
rssF
fFg
m.IE
ggo
t
9
998
aaa 9.9
Faattttaai
Aquatic arthropods Gills
m and Branchial
FF
Ff
ffffFF
F
FffffffF
fIsFFFffaff
amphibians reptiles
and mammals and ffiiÉiffÉI
Pulmonary ftfiff
offf
Ylff fMoafihffff
Ffooo
, EFFaIEEtrdansysentw
A pairofnostrils
PHARYNX common for food masaintmilliessage
passage
and air
pharynx
LARYNX cartilaginous box asinn
ep oFdS helps in sound production
also called sound box tratica
µ
opening of larynx is glotis Brittani B 8Eni
4 glottis is covered by thin elastic primary Bronchi
PrimtryBronchi
flap calledepiglottis
cartilaginous secondaryBronchi Secondary Bronchi
to prevent the entry offoodinto btronchi Tertiary
bEonchi
tertiary
Larynx initial brischioles initial
broInchioles
Terminal bronchioles Terminal bronchioles
TRACHEA straight tube aneol
extend to the midthoracic
up avoid
cavity
divides at the level
of 5ᵗʰ thoracic vertebra into a right
and left primary bronchi
each bronchi undergoes repeated divisions to
BRONCHI form primary
secondary tertiary initial and verythin terminal bronchioles
The trachea primary secondary tertiarybronchi and initial bronchiole
are supported by incomplete cartilaginous rings
Each terminal bronchioles give rise to a number
of very thin
irregular walled and vascularised like structure called
bag
Evel
LUNGS The branching network of bronchi bronchioles and alveoli
comprises lungs
Lungs are paired structure
situated in thoracic cavity
PLEURA
Lungs are covered by double layered pleura with
pleural fluid between them
