NURS 460 - Final Exam questions with
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
answers
Normal Musculoskeletal System and Joints - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔Consists of the skeleton, muscles,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ligaments, bursae, and joints |\ |\ |\
Skeleton: provides structure and support for the body.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Bones: provide protection for delicate body parts and are
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
an important source of minerals as well as blood cells.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Skeletal muscles: provide movement of various body
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
parts.
Normal Musculoskeletal/Joints - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Complaints of musculoskeletal pain and various joint |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
limitations, and aging predisposes the development of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
diseases (ex: osteoporosis and arthritis)
|\ |\ |\ |\
Often suffer from these and other musculoskeletal chronic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
conditions that limit mobility and impair the ability to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
perform self-care activities.
|\ |\
,Independent lifestyle |\
--> dependent on others
|\ |\ |\
Normal Changes of Aging - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Significant alterations in human structure, function, |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
biochemistry, and genetic patterns are responsible for the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
changes in the muscles, tendons, bones, and joints of the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
older person.
|\ |\
Generally:
- 1 cm height every 10 years after age 40
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- 50% muscle mass at age 75 they had at age 30
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Quality and quantity of life can change dramatically d/t:
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- Genetics
|\
- Alterations in human structure
|\ |\ |\ |\
- Function
|\
- Biochemistry
|\
Decrease in height, ROM, lean body mass, muscle
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
atrophy, bone mass |\ |\
Increase in difficulty maintaining balance, joint
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
degeneration
,Foot problems (hammer toes, corns, calluses)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Skeleton: 2 Phases of Bone Loss - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Type I: Menopausal Bone Loss |\ |\ |\ |\
- Rapid phase
|\ |\
- Occurs first 5-10 years after menopause
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Type II: Senescent Bone Loss
|\ |\ |\ |\
- Slower phase
|\ |\
- Affects men and women after midlife
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
In women type I and II overlap:
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- Prior to menopause estrogen helps prevent bone loss in
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
women
- Decrease in amount of bone formed
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- Occurs in both genders due to aging
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Menopause - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Complete after no |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
period for one year |\ |\ |\
Average age of last period 51 for Caucasians
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Slightly earlier for Hispanic and African-American
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Slightly later for Chinese and Japanese
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, Senescent Bone Loss - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Amount of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
bone that is formed is decreased - related to aging
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
process
due to decrease in thickness of bone wall (hip and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
vertebrae Fx may occur) |\ |\ |\
Menopausal vs. Senescent Bone Loss - CORRECT |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔Prior to menopause estrogen helps prevent
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
bone loss in women
|\ |\ |\
Decrease in amount of bone formed |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Occurs in both sexes due to aging
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
After Menopause- resorption occurs- bone loss,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Deposition- rapid bone growth can't keep up- end result
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
bone loss |\
Review Box 18-1, p. 459 |\ |\ |\ |\
Sarcopenia - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔By age 75 lose half|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of all skeletal muscle one had at age 30
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Lower extremity muscles not used as much and tend to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
atrophy sooner |\
Daily activities keep upper extremities functioning
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
answers
Normal Musculoskeletal System and Joints - CORRECT
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔Consists of the skeleton, muscles,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ligaments, bursae, and joints |\ |\ |\
Skeleton: provides structure and support for the body.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Bones: provide protection for delicate body parts and are
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
an important source of minerals as well as blood cells.
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Skeletal muscles: provide movement of various body
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
parts.
Normal Musculoskeletal/Joints - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Complaints of musculoskeletal pain and various joint |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
limitations, and aging predisposes the development of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
diseases (ex: osteoporosis and arthritis)
|\ |\ |\ |\
Often suffer from these and other musculoskeletal chronic
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
conditions that limit mobility and impair the ability to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
perform self-care activities.
|\ |\
,Independent lifestyle |\
--> dependent on others
|\ |\ |\
Normal Changes of Aging - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Significant alterations in human structure, function, |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
biochemistry, and genetic patterns are responsible for the |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
changes in the muscles, tendons, bones, and joints of the
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
older person.
|\ |\
Generally:
- 1 cm height every 10 years after age 40
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- 50% muscle mass at age 75 they had at age 30
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Quality and quantity of life can change dramatically d/t:
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- Genetics
|\
- Alterations in human structure
|\ |\ |\ |\
- Function
|\
- Biochemistry
|\
Decrease in height, ROM, lean body mass, muscle
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
atrophy, bone mass |\ |\
Increase in difficulty maintaining balance, joint
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
degeneration
,Foot problems (hammer toes, corns, calluses)
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Skeleton: 2 Phases of Bone Loss - CORRECT ANSWERS
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
✔✔Type I: Menopausal Bone Loss |\ |\ |\ |\
- Rapid phase
|\ |\
- Occurs first 5-10 years after menopause
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Type II: Senescent Bone Loss
|\ |\ |\ |\
- Slower phase
|\ |\
- Affects men and women after midlife
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
In women type I and II overlap:
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- Prior to menopause estrogen helps prevent bone loss in
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
women
- Decrease in amount of bone formed
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
- Occurs in both genders due to aging
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Menopause - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Complete after no |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
period for one year |\ |\ |\
Average age of last period 51 for Caucasians
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Slightly earlier for Hispanic and African-American
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Slightly later for Chinese and Japanese
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
, Senescent Bone Loss - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔Amount of
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
bone that is formed is decreased - related to aging
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
process
due to decrease in thickness of bone wall (hip and
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
vertebrae Fx may occur) |\ |\ |\
Menopausal vs. Senescent Bone Loss - CORRECT |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
ANSWERS ✔✔Prior to menopause estrogen helps prevent
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
bone loss in women
|\ |\ |\
Decrease in amount of bone formed |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Occurs in both sexes due to aging
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
After Menopause- resorption occurs- bone loss,
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Deposition- rapid bone growth can't keep up- end result
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
bone loss |\
Review Box 18-1, p. 459 |\ |\ |\ |\
Sarcopenia - CORRECT ANSWERS ✔✔By age 75 lose half|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
of all skeletal muscle one had at age 30
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
Lower extremity muscles not used as much and tend to
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\ |\
atrophy sooner |\
Daily activities keep upper extremities functioning
|\ |\ |\ |\ |\
