NR 566 MIDTERM/NR566 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY FOR
CARE OF THE FAMILY MIDTERM EXAM NEWEST 2025
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 290 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
Drugs associated risk for bone loss which should be monitored - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Aromatase inhibitors
Thyroid hormones
Glucocorticoids
PPIs
SSRIs
Clinical signs and symptoms DM - CORRECT ANSWERS-Increased thirst
Frequent urination
Extreme hunger
Unexplained weight loss
Presence of ketones in the urine (ketones are a byproduct of the breakdown of muscle and fat that
happens when there's not enough available insulin)
Fatigue
Irritability
Blurred vision
Slow-healing sores
Frequent infections, such as gums or skin infections and vaginal infections
Risk factors & associated complications of DM - CORRECT ANSWERS-Complications: stroke,
heart attack, peripheral artery disease, diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, glaucoma, diabetic nephropathy,
peripheral neuropathy, diabetic foot.
Risk factors: >45 years old, physical inactivity, 1st degree relative relative with DM, high risk ethic group
(african american, hispanic, native american, asian american, and pacific islander), hx of gest DM, htn,
HDL < 35, triglycerides >250, polycystic ovarian syndrome, acanthosis nigricans, hx of cardiovascular
disease.
,Diagnostic criteria of DM - CORRECT ANSWERS-Acute symptoms of diabetes plus casual
plasma glucose concentration ≥200 mg/dL.
*Casual is defined as any time of day without regard to time since last meal. The classic symptoms of
diabetes are polyuria, polydipsia, and unexplained weight loss.
Fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL. * Fasting is defined as no caloric intake for at least 8 h.
2-h postload plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test ≥200 mg/dL. The test uses a glucose load
containing the equivalent of 75 g anhydrous glucose dissolved in water.
Hb A1c ≥6.5%.
PRE-DIABETES:
Fasting plasma glucose 100-125 mg/dL (IFG) or
plasma glucose 140-199 mg/dL (IGT) 2 hr post-ingestion of standard glucose load (75 g) or
Hb A1c 5.7%-6.4%
Criteria for screening asymptomatic adults - CORRECT ANSWERS-Individuals ≥45 yr and who
have a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 should be tested. If normal, the test should be repeated at 3 yr intervals.
Individuals <45 yr and who have a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 and have additional risk factors should have more
frequent testing.
Additional risk factors are the following:
• Physically inactive
• First-degree relative with diabetes
• Members of high-risk ethnic group (African American, Hispanic, Native American, Asian American,
Pacific Islander)
• Delivered a baby weighing >9 lb or previously diagnosed with GDM
• Hypertensive (B/P ≥140/90 mm Hg)
• HDL cholesterol ≤35 mg/dL and/or triglyceride level ≥250 mg/dL
• Have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
• IGT or IFG on previous testing
• Have other clinical conditions associated with insulin resistance (PCOS or acanthosis nigricans)
• History of CVD
, Rapid Acting Insulin - CORRECT ANSWERS-Humalog, Novolog, Apidra
Short Acting Insulin - CORRECT ANSWERS-Regular (Humulin R, Novolin R)
Intermediate Acting Insulin - CORRECT ANSWERS-Isophane (NPH, Humulin N)
Long Acting Insulin - CORRECT ANSWERS-Lantus, Levimir
Fixed Combo Insulin - CORRECT ANSWERS-70/30 (NPH/regular ratio)
50/50 (NPH/regular ratio)
75/25 (NPH/lispro)
70/30 (NPH/aspart)
A1C Treatment Goal - CORRECT ANSWERS-Less than 7%
Daily dose of insulin for initiation - CORRECT ANSWERS-0.1/kg or 10 units
Insulin Treatment Algorithm for Type 1 DM - CORRECT ANSWERS-Total daily insulin
requirement is 0.3 to 0.5 units/kg body weight/d with titration to glycemic targets. Higher doses for
acute illness. Adjustments made after reviewing patterns over 3 days. Hypoglycemia addressed first,
then hyperglycemia. Adjustments up or down done in increments of 1 unit.
A1C monitoring during oral or insulin diabetes management - CORRECT ANSWERS-Because
Hb A1c reflects mean glycemia over the preceding 2 to 3 months, it should be measured at least twice a
year if patients are meeting treatment goals or have stable glycemic control; it should be measured
every 3 months if therapy has changed or if patients are not meeting treatment goals
Correlate mean plasma glucose level according to A1C - CORRECT ANSWERS-Hemoglobin A1c
Levels
Mean Plasma Glucose (mg/dL)
6=
CARE OF THE FAMILY MIDTERM EXAM NEWEST 2025
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 290 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED ANSWERS) |ALREADY
GRADED A+
Drugs associated risk for bone loss which should be monitored - CORRECT ANSWERS-
Aromatase inhibitors
Thyroid hormones
Glucocorticoids
PPIs
SSRIs
Clinical signs and symptoms DM - CORRECT ANSWERS-Increased thirst
Frequent urination
Extreme hunger
Unexplained weight loss
Presence of ketones in the urine (ketones are a byproduct of the breakdown of muscle and fat that
happens when there's not enough available insulin)
Fatigue
Irritability
Blurred vision
Slow-healing sores
Frequent infections, such as gums or skin infections and vaginal infections
Risk factors & associated complications of DM - CORRECT ANSWERS-Complications: stroke,
heart attack, peripheral artery disease, diabetic retinopathy, cataracts, glaucoma, diabetic nephropathy,
peripheral neuropathy, diabetic foot.
Risk factors: >45 years old, physical inactivity, 1st degree relative relative with DM, high risk ethic group
(african american, hispanic, native american, asian american, and pacific islander), hx of gest DM, htn,
HDL < 35, triglycerides >250, polycystic ovarian syndrome, acanthosis nigricans, hx of cardiovascular
disease.
,Diagnostic criteria of DM - CORRECT ANSWERS-Acute symptoms of diabetes plus casual
plasma glucose concentration ≥200 mg/dL.
*Casual is defined as any time of day without regard to time since last meal. The classic symptoms of
diabetes are polyuria, polydipsia, and unexplained weight loss.
Fasting plasma glucose ≥126 mg/dL. * Fasting is defined as no caloric intake for at least 8 h.
2-h postload plasma glucose in an oral glucose tolerance test ≥200 mg/dL. The test uses a glucose load
containing the equivalent of 75 g anhydrous glucose dissolved in water.
Hb A1c ≥6.5%.
PRE-DIABETES:
Fasting plasma glucose 100-125 mg/dL (IFG) or
plasma glucose 140-199 mg/dL (IGT) 2 hr post-ingestion of standard glucose load (75 g) or
Hb A1c 5.7%-6.4%
Criteria for screening asymptomatic adults - CORRECT ANSWERS-Individuals ≥45 yr and who
have a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 should be tested. If normal, the test should be repeated at 3 yr intervals.
Individuals <45 yr and who have a BMI ≥25 kg/m2 and have additional risk factors should have more
frequent testing.
Additional risk factors are the following:
• Physically inactive
• First-degree relative with diabetes
• Members of high-risk ethnic group (African American, Hispanic, Native American, Asian American,
Pacific Islander)
• Delivered a baby weighing >9 lb or previously diagnosed with GDM
• Hypertensive (B/P ≥140/90 mm Hg)
• HDL cholesterol ≤35 mg/dL and/or triglyceride level ≥250 mg/dL
• Have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
• IGT or IFG on previous testing
• Have other clinical conditions associated with insulin resistance (PCOS or acanthosis nigricans)
• History of CVD
, Rapid Acting Insulin - CORRECT ANSWERS-Humalog, Novolog, Apidra
Short Acting Insulin - CORRECT ANSWERS-Regular (Humulin R, Novolin R)
Intermediate Acting Insulin - CORRECT ANSWERS-Isophane (NPH, Humulin N)
Long Acting Insulin - CORRECT ANSWERS-Lantus, Levimir
Fixed Combo Insulin - CORRECT ANSWERS-70/30 (NPH/regular ratio)
50/50 (NPH/regular ratio)
75/25 (NPH/lispro)
70/30 (NPH/aspart)
A1C Treatment Goal - CORRECT ANSWERS-Less than 7%
Daily dose of insulin for initiation - CORRECT ANSWERS-0.1/kg or 10 units
Insulin Treatment Algorithm for Type 1 DM - CORRECT ANSWERS-Total daily insulin
requirement is 0.3 to 0.5 units/kg body weight/d with titration to glycemic targets. Higher doses for
acute illness. Adjustments made after reviewing patterns over 3 days. Hypoglycemia addressed first,
then hyperglycemia. Adjustments up or down done in increments of 1 unit.
A1C monitoring during oral or insulin diabetes management - CORRECT ANSWERS-Because
Hb A1c reflects mean glycemia over the preceding 2 to 3 months, it should be measured at least twice a
year if patients are meeting treatment goals or have stable glycemic control; it should be measured
every 3 months if therapy has changed or if patients are not meeting treatment goals
Correlate mean plasma glucose level according to A1C - CORRECT ANSWERS-Hemoglobin A1c
Levels
Mean Plasma Glucose (mg/dL)
6=
