NUR1172 Principles of Nutrition Final Exam Review 2025/2026 -
Already Rated A for Rasmussen College Nursing Program
A 28-year-old pregnant client at 16 weeks' gestation asks how much additional protein
she needs daily. Which response by the nurse is most accurate?
A) No additional protein is needed in the second trimester
B) Add 25 grams of protein per day above pre-pregnancy needs
C) Double your current protein intake for fetal growth
1. D) Only increase protein if you're underweight
Answer: B
Rationale: RDA adds 25 g/day protein in 2nd/3rd trimesters to support fetal growth,
increased blood volume, and placental development.
A client with type 2 diabetes asks about carbohydrate counting. One carbohydrate
"choice" equals how many grams of carbohydrate?
A) 10 grams
B) 15 grams
C) 20 grams
2. D) 25 grams
Answer: B
Rationale: One carb choice = 15 grams carbohydrate, used in diabetes meal planning to
standardize portions and insulin dosing.
A nurse is teaching a client about complete proteins. Which food provides all essential
amino acids?
A) Black beans
B) Quinoa
C) Peanut butter
3. D) Almonds
Answer: B
Rationale: Quinoa is a complete plant protein containing all 9 essential amino acids, rare
among plant foods.
,A 75-year-old client reports difficulty chewing meat due to dentures. Which protein
alternative provides comparable nutrition?
A) Mashed potatoes
B) Cottage cheese
C) Applesauce
4. D) Cooked carrots
Answer: B
Rationale: Cottage cheese provides complete protein (13g/cup) that's soft and easy to
chew for denture wearers.
A client on warfarin therapy asks about vitamin K-rich foods to avoid. Which food should
be limited?
A) Carrots
B) Spinach
C) Bananas
5. D) White rice
Answer: B
Rationale: Spinach is high in vitamin K (145 mcg/cup), which can antagonize warfarin's
anticoagulant effect.
A pregnant client asks about folic acid supplementation. Which birth defect does
adequate folate help prevent?
A) Cleft palate
B) Spina bifida
C) Club foot
6. D) Heart defects
Answer: B
Rationale: Folic acid 400 mcg/day preconception and early pregnancy reduces neural
tube defects like spina bifida by 70%.
A client asks which fat is best for heart health. Which recommendation is most
appropriate?
A) Coconut oil for cooking
B) Olive oil in moderation
C) Butter for spreading
, 7. D) Lard for baking
Answer: B
Rationale: Olive oil is rich in monounsaturated fats that lower LDL cholesterol and
reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
A 6-month-old infant is ready for solids. Which food should be introduced first?
A) Honey
B) Iron-fortified rice cereal
C) Cow's milk
8. D) Whole eggs
Answer: B
Rationale: Iron-fortified cereal provides essential iron for growth, smooth texture for
swallowing, and low allergy risk.
A client with celiac disease asks about safe grains. Which grain contains gluten?
A) Buckwheat
B) Quinoa
C) Rye
9. D) Millet
Answer: C
Rationale: Rye contains gluten protein that triggers autoimmune response in celiac
disease, damaging intestinal villi.
A client asks about vitamin B12 sources. Which food group naturally provides B12?
A) Whole grains
B) Animal proteins
C) Fresh fruits
10. D) Vegetable oils
Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin B12 is found naturally only in animal products (meat, fish, eggs,
dairy) as microorganisms produce it.
A nurse is teaching about fiber. How much daily fiber is recommended for adults?
A) 10-15 grams
Already Rated A for Rasmussen College Nursing Program
A 28-year-old pregnant client at 16 weeks' gestation asks how much additional protein
she needs daily. Which response by the nurse is most accurate?
A) No additional protein is needed in the second trimester
B) Add 25 grams of protein per day above pre-pregnancy needs
C) Double your current protein intake for fetal growth
1. D) Only increase protein if you're underweight
Answer: B
Rationale: RDA adds 25 g/day protein in 2nd/3rd trimesters to support fetal growth,
increased blood volume, and placental development.
A client with type 2 diabetes asks about carbohydrate counting. One carbohydrate
"choice" equals how many grams of carbohydrate?
A) 10 grams
B) 15 grams
C) 20 grams
2. D) 25 grams
Answer: B
Rationale: One carb choice = 15 grams carbohydrate, used in diabetes meal planning to
standardize portions and insulin dosing.
A nurse is teaching a client about complete proteins. Which food provides all essential
amino acids?
A) Black beans
B) Quinoa
C) Peanut butter
3. D) Almonds
Answer: B
Rationale: Quinoa is a complete plant protein containing all 9 essential amino acids, rare
among plant foods.
,A 75-year-old client reports difficulty chewing meat due to dentures. Which protein
alternative provides comparable nutrition?
A) Mashed potatoes
B) Cottage cheese
C) Applesauce
4. D) Cooked carrots
Answer: B
Rationale: Cottage cheese provides complete protein (13g/cup) that's soft and easy to
chew for denture wearers.
A client on warfarin therapy asks about vitamin K-rich foods to avoid. Which food should
be limited?
A) Carrots
B) Spinach
C) Bananas
5. D) White rice
Answer: B
Rationale: Spinach is high in vitamin K (145 mcg/cup), which can antagonize warfarin's
anticoagulant effect.
A pregnant client asks about folic acid supplementation. Which birth defect does
adequate folate help prevent?
A) Cleft palate
B) Spina bifida
C) Club foot
6. D) Heart defects
Answer: B
Rationale: Folic acid 400 mcg/day preconception and early pregnancy reduces neural
tube defects like spina bifida by 70%.
A client asks which fat is best for heart health. Which recommendation is most
appropriate?
A) Coconut oil for cooking
B) Olive oil in moderation
C) Butter for spreading
, 7. D) Lard for baking
Answer: B
Rationale: Olive oil is rich in monounsaturated fats that lower LDL cholesterol and
reduce cardiovascular disease risk.
A 6-month-old infant is ready for solids. Which food should be introduced first?
A) Honey
B) Iron-fortified rice cereal
C) Cow's milk
8. D) Whole eggs
Answer: B
Rationale: Iron-fortified cereal provides essential iron for growth, smooth texture for
swallowing, and low allergy risk.
A client with celiac disease asks about safe grains. Which grain contains gluten?
A) Buckwheat
B) Quinoa
C) Rye
9. D) Millet
Answer: C
Rationale: Rye contains gluten protein that triggers autoimmune response in celiac
disease, damaging intestinal villi.
A client asks about vitamin B12 sources. Which food group naturally provides B12?
A) Whole grains
B) Animal proteins
C) Fresh fruits
10. D) Vegetable oils
Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin B12 is found naturally only in animal products (meat, fish, eggs,
dairy) as microorganisms produce it.
A nurse is teaching about fiber. How much daily fiber is recommended for adults?
A) 10-15 grams
