POSC 201 FINAL HAMMOND 2025 UPDATE | 288
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION!!
Practical reason (Kant) Answer - independent of our inclinations, primacy(of
first importance), should guide our beliefs as well as our actions
Moral actions (Kant) Answer - following the duty we all have based on moral
law. Good intent doesn't mean the action is moral. Things are done because
they are right. (This isnt a natural inclination but a duty)
Good will (Kant) Answer - good will is the good in itself. (Doesn't mean to want
to do good, but to do good because it is one's duty)
To do a moral action/good will is to....(Kant) Answer - perform duty without it
being your inclination
Practical reason (Kant) guides these actions because it is independent of...
Answer - inclinations
Natural liberty according to Kant is governed by Answer - inclination
contrary to duty(Kant) is considered.... Answer - always wrong
,Examples of Accord with duty but only immediate inclination include....
Answer - paying taxes(do it because u have to)
Kant: Doing something naturally and doing it because of your duty is
considered to be.... Answer - constant with duty and immediate incliniation
Kant: It is your duty but not natural tendency. This is considered to be....
Answer - constant with duty but contrary to inclination
The Trascendental Subject(Kant) Answer - A person without particular interests
or external motivations
The Categorical imperative (Kant) Answer - do something as if it would become
moral law, absolute good without qualification
Practical Imerpative (Kant) Answer - morality consists of doing ones duty to
treat people and yourself not as a means but an end
kingdom/Realm of ends according to Kant Answer - ideal where laws serve the
purpose of people as ends and merely means. (A person in the kingdom of
ends is sovereign, and is subject tot the will of no one but himself.
Kant on Republican Government and International Law Answer - advocates
republicanism and believes in the social contract. (Solution to natural conflict:
Sophisticated trade/free enterprise economy. Smaller government. Need
international agreement)
What is the first importance to Kant? Answer - practical reason
,Dignity according to Kant Answer - humans are free agents capable of making
their own decision, setting their own goals, and guiding their conduct by
reason.
Freedom according to Kant Answer - autonomy. It is important because moral
appraisal presupposes that we are free in the sense that we have the ability to
do otherwise
Heteronomous Will (Kant) Answer - will with qualification
Autonomous duty (Will, Kant) Answer - duty, no personal inclination, good will,
no other reason other than it is right
Hegel on 'Geist' Answer - Mind or spirit. Ultimate reality conceived in terms of
the spirit, which develops itself throughout history on the path to absolute
knowledge (Imperfect)
Hegel on Reason Answer - Sum total of reality, not some quality which is
attributed to some human subject. Reason and reality are strictly identical.
(Only reason is real and only reality is reasonable)
Hegel on Freedom Answer - One person is free (Eastern World). Few are free
(Greece and Rome. All are free (Christianity)Goal OF SPIRIT
Hegel on History Answer - History is rational not random. History is spirit in
time. It is reality as the progress of spirit unfolds. Wisdom found is only
hindsight. History is the story of continual progress
Hegel on the dialectic Answer - It is a concept of conflict and contradiction
(how history progresses).
, Affirmation (thesis) of Dialectic according to Hegel Answer - an idea found in
anytime in history
Negation (antithesis) of Dialectic according to Hegel Answer - the negation of
the affirmation. Negation of negation(synthesis), arises from conflict between
the two, higher moment of development.
Story of Herr und Knect and the struggle for recognition (Hegel) Answer - Lord
and slave and the struggle between them. The master(independent) risks
death to preserve freedom. The slave (dependent) loses freedom to keep life.
Sturggle of recognition is the struggle for life itself, part of humanity will choose
freedom. Needs of master met by slave, master loses ability to provide for
itself. As slave works, a new source of meaning independent from master
emerges. over time role swapped. New consciousness arises which changes
society and politics. Struggle is not resolved until we reach all knowing.
Idea and reality according to Hegel Answer - Essence of all reality is spirit,
starts from a single principle or single subject
the state according to Hegel Answer - Universal spirit embodied in the state. It
is the divine will. Emboides the ethical idea of freedom. The st
family according to Hegel Answer - considered a basic organization of humans,
natural and spontaneous, determined(no choice), develop sense of belonging,
representative of particular altruism. Provides morality
Civil society according to Hegel Answer - Where you become an individual(but
lose sense of belonging), struggle for recognition takes place, universal
egoism(individuality put first). Needs laws to stop conflict
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS | WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION!!
Practical reason (Kant) Answer - independent of our inclinations, primacy(of
first importance), should guide our beliefs as well as our actions
Moral actions (Kant) Answer - following the duty we all have based on moral
law. Good intent doesn't mean the action is moral. Things are done because
they are right. (This isnt a natural inclination but a duty)
Good will (Kant) Answer - good will is the good in itself. (Doesn't mean to want
to do good, but to do good because it is one's duty)
To do a moral action/good will is to....(Kant) Answer - perform duty without it
being your inclination
Practical reason (Kant) guides these actions because it is independent of...
Answer - inclinations
Natural liberty according to Kant is governed by Answer - inclination
contrary to duty(Kant) is considered.... Answer - always wrong
,Examples of Accord with duty but only immediate inclination include....
Answer - paying taxes(do it because u have to)
Kant: Doing something naturally and doing it because of your duty is
considered to be.... Answer - constant with duty and immediate incliniation
Kant: It is your duty but not natural tendency. This is considered to be....
Answer - constant with duty but contrary to inclination
The Trascendental Subject(Kant) Answer - A person without particular interests
or external motivations
The Categorical imperative (Kant) Answer - do something as if it would become
moral law, absolute good without qualification
Practical Imerpative (Kant) Answer - morality consists of doing ones duty to
treat people and yourself not as a means but an end
kingdom/Realm of ends according to Kant Answer - ideal where laws serve the
purpose of people as ends and merely means. (A person in the kingdom of
ends is sovereign, and is subject tot the will of no one but himself.
Kant on Republican Government and International Law Answer - advocates
republicanism and believes in the social contract. (Solution to natural conflict:
Sophisticated trade/free enterprise economy. Smaller government. Need
international agreement)
What is the first importance to Kant? Answer - practical reason
,Dignity according to Kant Answer - humans are free agents capable of making
their own decision, setting their own goals, and guiding their conduct by
reason.
Freedom according to Kant Answer - autonomy. It is important because moral
appraisal presupposes that we are free in the sense that we have the ability to
do otherwise
Heteronomous Will (Kant) Answer - will with qualification
Autonomous duty (Will, Kant) Answer - duty, no personal inclination, good will,
no other reason other than it is right
Hegel on 'Geist' Answer - Mind or spirit. Ultimate reality conceived in terms of
the spirit, which develops itself throughout history on the path to absolute
knowledge (Imperfect)
Hegel on Reason Answer - Sum total of reality, not some quality which is
attributed to some human subject. Reason and reality are strictly identical.
(Only reason is real and only reality is reasonable)
Hegel on Freedom Answer - One person is free (Eastern World). Few are free
(Greece and Rome. All are free (Christianity)Goal OF SPIRIT
Hegel on History Answer - History is rational not random. History is spirit in
time. It is reality as the progress of spirit unfolds. Wisdom found is only
hindsight. History is the story of continual progress
Hegel on the dialectic Answer - It is a concept of conflict and contradiction
(how history progresses).
, Affirmation (thesis) of Dialectic according to Hegel Answer - an idea found in
anytime in history
Negation (antithesis) of Dialectic according to Hegel Answer - the negation of
the affirmation. Negation of negation(synthesis), arises from conflict between
the two, higher moment of development.
Story of Herr und Knect and the struggle for recognition (Hegel) Answer - Lord
and slave and the struggle between them. The master(independent) risks
death to preserve freedom. The slave (dependent) loses freedom to keep life.
Sturggle of recognition is the struggle for life itself, part of humanity will choose
freedom. Needs of master met by slave, master loses ability to provide for
itself. As slave works, a new source of meaning independent from master
emerges. over time role swapped. New consciousness arises which changes
society and politics. Struggle is not resolved until we reach all knowing.
Idea and reality according to Hegel Answer - Essence of all reality is spirit,
starts from a single principle or single subject
the state according to Hegel Answer - Universal spirit embodied in the state. It
is the divine will. Emboides the ethical idea of freedom. The st
family according to Hegel Answer - considered a basic organization of humans,
natural and spontaneous, determined(no choice), develop sense of belonging,
representative of particular altruism. Provides morality
Civil society according to Hegel Answer - Where you become an individual(but
lose sense of belonging), struggle for recognition takes place, universal
egoism(individuality put first). Needs laws to stop conflict
