Exam (elaborations) nursing 145 Complete questions and answers Grade A+

Chapter 14 – Nutrition for Childbearing (4 questions) Explain the importance of adequate nutrition and weight gain during pregnancy. Compare the nutritional needs of the postpartum woman who is breastfeeding with those of the woman who is not breastfeeding. Apply the nursing process to nutrition during pregnancy, postpartum, and lactation. Chapter 17 – Intrapartum Fetal Surveillance (13 questions) Identify the purposes of fetal surveillance before birth. o Evaluate the fetal condition during pregnancy o Identify possible hypoxic insult o Two approaches to intrapartum fetal monitoring - Intermittent auscultation with palpation of uterine activity (low tech) - Electronic fetal monitoring (high tech) Explain the normal and pathologic mechanisms that influence fetal heart rate (FHR). Normal Mechanisms that regulate FHR: o Autonomic nervous system o Baroreceptors o Chemoreceptors o Adrenal glands o Central nervous system Pathologic Mechanisms that influence FHR: o Maternal cardiopulmonary alterations - Changes in maternal blood flow affect the fetus - EX: epidural, hypertension, bleeding o Uterine activity - Hypertonic Contractions – contractions that are too long ( 90-120 secs), too frequent (less than 2 min apart), or have inadequate relaxation period - Hypertonic contractions decrease utero-placental exchange - Monitor oxytocin (Pitocin) administration o Placental disruptions o Interruptions in umbilical flow - Compression causes restriction in blood flow (EX: contractions, nuchal cord, knot in cord) o Fetal alterations - Central nervous system abnormalities - Cardiac abnormalities SEE BOX 17.1 PG. 334 Identify the advantages and limitations of each method of fetal surveillance: auscultation and electronic monitoring.