Medical-Surgical HESI Evolve – Practice
Questions and Answers (Comprehensive
Exam Preparation Resource) – Complete
Exam Preparation Material
Introduction:
This document contains a full collection of Medical-Surgical
HESI practice questions with detailed, step-by-step rationales.
It covers major Med-Surg systems including endocrine,
respiratory, cardiac, renal, gastrointestinal, immune, and
integumentary topics. The material is structured as exam-style
questions with correct answers and explanations. It serves as a
comprehensive study resource aligned with HESI exam
preparation.
Exam Questions and Answers:
1. Which criteria should the primary healthcare provider
use for the prescrip- tion of long-term continuous oxygen
therapy?
PaO2-72, SpO2- 96
PaO2-60, SpO2- 90
,PaO2-55, SpO2- 88
PaO2-40, SpO2- 75-Answers:- PaO2-55, SpO2- 88
The primary healthcare provider uses the criteria of PaO2-55,
SpO2- 88 for the prescription of long-term continuous oxygen
therapy. The values PaO2-72, SpO2-96 are adequate unless the
client is hemodynamically unstable. The values PaO2-60, SpO2-
90 are adequate for almost all clients. The value PaO2-40,
SpO2-75 is inadequate but may be acceptable on a short-term
basis if the client also has carbon dioxide retention.
2. The home health nurse provides education to a client with
cancer of the tongue who will begin gastrostomy feedings at
home. Which statement by the client indicates teaching by the
nurse is effective?
"Before I start the procedure, I will don sterile gloves."
"Before I start the procedure, I will obtain my body weight."
"Before I start the procedure, I will measure the residual
volume."
,"Before I start the procedure, I will instill one ounce (30 mL)
of a carbonated liquid."-Answers:- "Before I start the
procedure, I will measure the residual volume."
Measuring the residual volume establishes whether an
adequate volume of the previous feeding was absorbed. If a
residual exceeds the parameter identified by the healthcare
provider or is over 200 mL, a feeding may be held. This
prevents adding excess feeding solution that may lead to
abdominal distention, nausea, vomiting, and aspiration. Clean,
not sterile, gloves are necessary to protect the client from
contamination with gastric secretions. Weights are taken and
reported weekly or monthly depending on the client's
condition and clinical goals. A carbonated beverage may be
used if the tube becomes clogged; it is not used routinely.
3. The nurse is preparing to administer a nasogastric tube
feeding to a client via infusion pump. What is the most
important assessment the nurse needs to perform before
beginning the pump?
Checking for the last bowel movement Checking for residual
stomach contents
Checking to determine time of last medication for nausea
Checking to make sure the head of bed is elevated at least 15
degrees-Answers:- Checking for residual stomach contents
, Checking for any residual feeding not absorbed in the client's
stomach must be done before introducing any more feeding.
Aspiration can occur if a feeding is started with excessive
residual. Checking for last bowel movement is important but
not as crucial as checking for gastric residual. Knowledge of
last nausea medication is not necessary at this time. Clients
receiving nasogastric tube feedings must have the head of their
bed elevated to at least 30 degrees.
4. The nurse assesses a client for the development of
pernicious anemia after reviewing the client's history. Which
condition did the nurse most likely find in the history?
Acute gastritis Diabetes mellitus Partial gastrectomy
Unhealthy dietary habits-Answers:- Partial gastrectomy
Removal of the fundus of the stomach (gastrectomy) destroys
the parietal cells that secrete intrinsic factor (needed to
combine with vitamin B12 preliminary to its absorption in the
ileum). Hemorrhaging may cause anemia; however, pernicious
anemia occurs when the intrinsic factor is not produced. The
beta cells of the pancreas are not involved in secretion of
intrinsic factor. Dietary intake does not attect the production
of intrinsic factor.
5. A client tells the nurse about recent recurrent episodes of
bleeding hemor- rhoids. What should the nurse advise the
client to do to help prevent future hemorrhoidal episodes?
Questions and Answers (Comprehensive
Exam Preparation Resource) – Complete
Exam Preparation Material
Introduction:
This document contains a full collection of Medical-Surgical
HESI practice questions with detailed, step-by-step rationales.
It covers major Med-Surg systems including endocrine,
respiratory, cardiac, renal, gastrointestinal, immune, and
integumentary topics. The material is structured as exam-style
questions with correct answers and explanations. It serves as a
comprehensive study resource aligned with HESI exam
preparation.
Exam Questions and Answers:
1. Which criteria should the primary healthcare provider
use for the prescrip- tion of long-term continuous oxygen
therapy?
PaO2-72, SpO2- 96
PaO2-60, SpO2- 90
,PaO2-55, SpO2- 88
PaO2-40, SpO2- 75-Answers:- PaO2-55, SpO2- 88
The primary healthcare provider uses the criteria of PaO2-55,
SpO2- 88 for the prescription of long-term continuous oxygen
therapy. The values PaO2-72, SpO2-96 are adequate unless the
client is hemodynamically unstable. The values PaO2-60, SpO2-
90 are adequate for almost all clients. The value PaO2-40,
SpO2-75 is inadequate but may be acceptable on a short-term
basis if the client also has carbon dioxide retention.
2. The home health nurse provides education to a client with
cancer of the tongue who will begin gastrostomy feedings at
home. Which statement by the client indicates teaching by the
nurse is effective?
"Before I start the procedure, I will don sterile gloves."
"Before I start the procedure, I will obtain my body weight."
"Before I start the procedure, I will measure the residual
volume."
,"Before I start the procedure, I will instill one ounce (30 mL)
of a carbonated liquid."-Answers:- "Before I start the
procedure, I will measure the residual volume."
Measuring the residual volume establishes whether an
adequate volume of the previous feeding was absorbed. If a
residual exceeds the parameter identified by the healthcare
provider or is over 200 mL, a feeding may be held. This
prevents adding excess feeding solution that may lead to
abdominal distention, nausea, vomiting, and aspiration. Clean,
not sterile, gloves are necessary to protect the client from
contamination with gastric secretions. Weights are taken and
reported weekly or monthly depending on the client's
condition and clinical goals. A carbonated beverage may be
used if the tube becomes clogged; it is not used routinely.
3. The nurse is preparing to administer a nasogastric tube
feeding to a client via infusion pump. What is the most
important assessment the nurse needs to perform before
beginning the pump?
Checking for the last bowel movement Checking for residual
stomach contents
Checking to determine time of last medication for nausea
Checking to make sure the head of bed is elevated at least 15
degrees-Answers:- Checking for residual stomach contents
, Checking for any residual feeding not absorbed in the client's
stomach must be done before introducing any more feeding.
Aspiration can occur if a feeding is started with excessive
residual. Checking for last bowel movement is important but
not as crucial as checking for gastric residual. Knowledge of
last nausea medication is not necessary at this time. Clients
receiving nasogastric tube feedings must have the head of their
bed elevated to at least 30 degrees.
4. The nurse assesses a client for the development of
pernicious anemia after reviewing the client's history. Which
condition did the nurse most likely find in the history?
Acute gastritis Diabetes mellitus Partial gastrectomy
Unhealthy dietary habits-Answers:- Partial gastrectomy
Removal of the fundus of the stomach (gastrectomy) destroys
the parietal cells that secrete intrinsic factor (needed to
combine with vitamin B12 preliminary to its absorption in the
ileum). Hemorrhaging may cause anemia; however, pernicious
anemia occurs when the intrinsic factor is not produced. The
beta cells of the pancreas are not involved in secretion of
intrinsic factor. Dietary intake does not attect the production
of intrinsic factor.
5. A client tells the nurse about recent recurrent episodes of
bleeding hemor- rhoids. What should the nurse advise the
client to do to help prevent future hemorrhoidal episodes?
