ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND CORRECTLY
WELL DEFINED ANSWERS LATEST
ALREADY GRADED A+ 2025 – 2026
steps for placing endobiliary stent - ANSWERS-confirm CBD
stone with cholangiography -->advance the stent through
the cystic duct under fluoro and position across the ampulla
--> complete the cholecystectomy
to which layer is india ink injected - ANSWERS-submucosa at
the level of the lesion in two sites 180 degree opposed
what are some caveats in injecting colonic lesions with india
ink - ANSWERS-1. clamping of the bowel to prevent
insufflation of the bowel proximal to the lesion
2. patients must be placed in a modified lithotomy position
for colonscopic access
,best outcome for stone removal for common hepatic duct
stone proximal to cystic duct takeoff - ANSWERS-endobiliary
stenting with ERCP
what instrument is best for object lodged transrectally -
ANSWERS-delivery forecep
What are complications of colonoscopy in order of most
common to least common - ANSWERS-
hypoxia>arrythmia>bradycardia>hypotension
what are the post-procedural complications of colonoscopy -
ANSWERS-bleeding, severe abdominal pain w/o evidence of
perforation, bronchospasm, perforation
how often are surgery required for perforation after
colonoscopy - ANSWERS-50%
what is the risk of death from colonoscopy - ANSWERS-
0.007%
When to stop warfarin before ERCP - ANSWERS-stop 5 days
before and switch to heparin or lovenox if peri-procedural
, anticoagulation is required. This can be stopped a day prior
to the procedure
rate of post ERCP pancreatitis - ANSWERS-3-5%
Timing of colonoscopy for first degree relative w/ CRC or
adenomas prior to age 60 - ANSWERS-colonoscopy at age 40
or 10 years before the youngest affected relative, whichever
is earlier. Then repeat every 5 yrs
Indications for ECRP - ANSWERS-Tissue sampling - bile duct,
pancreatic duct, ampulla bx
chronic pancreatitis/divisum
pancreatic malignancy
billiary malignancy
Benign strictures
Ductal disruption/injury
Jaundice
cholangitis
gallstone pancreatitis
dilated CBD