PSY 657 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
2026/2027 || CLINICAL & COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGY
REVIEW || VERIFIED Q&A || HIGH-YIELD STUDY GUIDE ||
COMPLETE TEST BANK || GRADED A+
what is the presenting problem? - CORRECT ANSWER -major symptoms
& behavior the client is experiencing
what is reliability? - CORRECT ANSWER -the degree to which an
assessment measure produces the same result each time it is used to evaluate the
same thing
what is validity? - CORRECT ANSWER -the extent to which a measuring
instrument actually measures what it is supposed to measure
what is standardization? - CORRECT ANSWER -process by which a
psychological test is administered, scored & interpreted in a consistent or
standard matter
what is the general physical examination? - CORRECT ANSWER -medical
checkup where medical history is obtained & major systems of the body are
checked - important for disorders that entail physical problems/symptoms
what is a CAT scan? - CORRECT ANSWER -computerized axial
tomography - use of x-rays to see images of parts of the brain
what is an MRI? - CORRECT ANSWER -magnetic resonance imaging -
takes images of the interior of the brain & is able to differentiate subtle
variations in soft tissue
what is a PET scan? - CORRECT ANSWER -position emission
tomography - shows how an organ is functioning, tracks natural compounds as
they are metabolized, reveals problems that may not be apparent anatomically
,what is an fMRI? - CORRECT ANSWER -functional MRI - measures
changes in blood flow of specific areas of the brain tissue that depend on
neuronal activity in those specific regions
what is the neuropsychological examination? - CORRECT ANSWER -the
use of various testing devices to measure a person's cognitive, perceptual &
motor performance as clue to the extent & location of brain damage
what are some examples of a neuropsychological examination? - CORRECT
ANSWER -halstead category test, tactual performance test, rhythm test,
speech sounds perception test, finger oscillation task
what is an assessment interview? - CORRECT ANSWER -face-to-face
interaction where a clinician gathers information about various aspects of a
client's situation, behavior & personality
what constitutes clinical observation of behavior? - CORRECT ANSWER -
self-monitoring, self-observation, objective reporting of behavior, thoughts &
feelings as they occur
what are two examples of psychological tests? - CORRECT ANSWER -
weschler intelligence scale for children-revised, weschler adult intelligence
scale-revised
what is the weschler adult intelligence scale-revised (WAIS-IV)? -
CORRECT ANSWER -involves vocabulary, a list of words to be defined &
digital span (performance), a sequence of numbers that are to be repeated in the
same order administered
what are some examples of projective personality tests? - CORRECT
ANSWER -rorschach inkblot test, thematic apperception test, sentence
, completion - involves a person's interpreting an ambiguous image, used to
assess unconscious motives conflicts, psychological defenses & personality
traits
what is the rorschach inkblot test? - CORRECT ANSWER -10 inkblot
pictures are used to which a subject responds telling the clinician what they see,
what it makes them think of & what it means to them
what is the thematic apperception test? - CORRECT ANSWER -series of
simple pictures which a subject is to make up stories about
what is sentence completion? - CORRECT ANSWER -consists of the
beginnings of sentences that one might be asked to complete, related to free
association method
what is the MMPI-2? - CORRECT ANSWER -minnesota multiphasic
personality inventory - self-report questionnaire, true & false questions used to
evaluate a person's personality characteristics & clinical problems which can be
compared to other profiles within a particular group that could suggest a broad
diagnosis
what are some ethical issues in assessment? - CORRECT ANSWER -
potential cultural bias of the instrument or the clinician, theoretical orientation
of the clinician, underemphasis on the external situation, insufficient validation
& inaccurate data/premature evaluation
what is the definition of personality? - CORRECT ANSWER -set of unique
traits & behaviors that characterize an individual
what constitutes a personality disorder? - CORRECT ANSWER -chronic
interpersonal difficulties, problems with one's identity or sense of self, inability
to function adequately in society
2026/2027 || CLINICAL & COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGY
REVIEW || VERIFIED Q&A || HIGH-YIELD STUDY GUIDE ||
COMPLETE TEST BANK || GRADED A+
what is the presenting problem? - CORRECT ANSWER -major symptoms
& behavior the client is experiencing
what is reliability? - CORRECT ANSWER -the degree to which an
assessment measure produces the same result each time it is used to evaluate the
same thing
what is validity? - CORRECT ANSWER -the extent to which a measuring
instrument actually measures what it is supposed to measure
what is standardization? - CORRECT ANSWER -process by which a
psychological test is administered, scored & interpreted in a consistent or
standard matter
what is the general physical examination? - CORRECT ANSWER -medical
checkup where medical history is obtained & major systems of the body are
checked - important for disorders that entail physical problems/symptoms
what is a CAT scan? - CORRECT ANSWER -computerized axial
tomography - use of x-rays to see images of parts of the brain
what is an MRI? - CORRECT ANSWER -magnetic resonance imaging -
takes images of the interior of the brain & is able to differentiate subtle
variations in soft tissue
what is a PET scan? - CORRECT ANSWER -position emission
tomography - shows how an organ is functioning, tracks natural compounds as
they are metabolized, reveals problems that may not be apparent anatomically
,what is an fMRI? - CORRECT ANSWER -functional MRI - measures
changes in blood flow of specific areas of the brain tissue that depend on
neuronal activity in those specific regions
what is the neuropsychological examination? - CORRECT ANSWER -the
use of various testing devices to measure a person's cognitive, perceptual &
motor performance as clue to the extent & location of brain damage
what are some examples of a neuropsychological examination? - CORRECT
ANSWER -halstead category test, tactual performance test, rhythm test,
speech sounds perception test, finger oscillation task
what is an assessment interview? - CORRECT ANSWER -face-to-face
interaction where a clinician gathers information about various aspects of a
client's situation, behavior & personality
what constitutes clinical observation of behavior? - CORRECT ANSWER -
self-monitoring, self-observation, objective reporting of behavior, thoughts &
feelings as they occur
what are two examples of psychological tests? - CORRECT ANSWER -
weschler intelligence scale for children-revised, weschler adult intelligence
scale-revised
what is the weschler adult intelligence scale-revised (WAIS-IV)? -
CORRECT ANSWER -involves vocabulary, a list of words to be defined &
digital span (performance), a sequence of numbers that are to be repeated in the
same order administered
what are some examples of projective personality tests? - CORRECT
ANSWER -rorschach inkblot test, thematic apperception test, sentence
, completion - involves a person's interpreting an ambiguous image, used to
assess unconscious motives conflicts, psychological defenses & personality
traits
what is the rorschach inkblot test? - CORRECT ANSWER -10 inkblot
pictures are used to which a subject responds telling the clinician what they see,
what it makes them think of & what it means to them
what is the thematic apperception test? - CORRECT ANSWER -series of
simple pictures which a subject is to make up stories about
what is sentence completion? - CORRECT ANSWER -consists of the
beginnings of sentences that one might be asked to complete, related to free
association method
what is the MMPI-2? - CORRECT ANSWER -minnesota multiphasic
personality inventory - self-report questionnaire, true & false questions used to
evaluate a person's personality characteristics & clinical problems which can be
compared to other profiles within a particular group that could suggest a broad
diagnosis
what are some ethical issues in assessment? - CORRECT ANSWER -
potential cultural bias of the instrument or the clinician, theoretical orientation
of the clinician, underemphasis on the external situation, insufficient validation
& inaccurate data/premature evaluation
what is the definition of personality? - CORRECT ANSWER -set of unique
traits & behaviors that characterize an individual
what constitutes a personality disorder? - CORRECT ANSWER -chronic
interpersonal difficulties, problems with one's identity or sense of self, inability
to function adequately in society
