INCLUDING ALL ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS
AND SOLUTIONS 2026.
⫸ Healthcare-acquired infections (HAIs). Answer: Infections
acquired during hospitalization or developed within the hospital
setting.
⫸ Passive immunity. Answer: Antibodies are given to a person rather
than produced by their immune system.
⫸ Detection of human papillomavirus (HPV). Answer: Detection:
Pap test, HPV DNA test.
⫸ Recommended vaccination schedule for HPV. Answer: CDC
recommends vaccination for boys and girls at 11-12 years old; 2- or 3-
dose series depending on age.
⫸ Modes of transmission associated with HIV. Answer: Through
blood, semen, vaginal fluids, breast milk. Not through casual contact.
⫸ Critical Time for tuberculosis (TB). Answer: First 2 years post-
infection highest risk for progression.
⫸ Latent TB Reactivation Risk. Answer: Weakened immune system,
aging, HIV, certain medications.
, ⫸ Active TB. Answer: Infectious, shows symptoms.
⫸ Latent TB. Answer: No symptoms, not contagious.
⫸ Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Treatment. Answer: Treatment includes
antiviral medications: Entecavir, Tenofovir, Lamivudine, and
Adefovir. Prevention includes HBV vaccine.
⫸ Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) Symptoms. Answer: Common symptoms
include fatigue, malaise, nausea, vomiting, fever, hepatomegaly,
jaundice, dark urine, anorexia, and rash.
⫸ Hepatitis A Transmission. Answer: Most often transmitted through
the fecal-oral route; sources may be water, food, or sexual contact;
often silent in children.
⫸ Hepatitis A Incubation Period. Answer: Incubation ~28 days after
exposure; self-limited.
⫸ Case Management. Answer: A collaborative process involving
assessment, planning, facilitation, care coordination, evaluation, and
advocacy to meet an individual's health needs.
⫸ Clients for Case Management. Answer: Chronically ill, elderly,
complex social or medical needs.