NURSING BS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
2026 EXAMINATION TEST
◉ Opsonization promotes the process of:
A) phagocytosis.
B) vasodilation.
C) increased vascular permeability.
D) clotting. Answer: a
◉ Warmth and redness of the skin are indicators of inflammation.
Which of the following processes is responsible for this clinical
manifestation?
A) Increased vascular permeability
B) Phagocytosis
C) Vasoconstriction
D) Vasodilation Answer: d
◉ Which of the following exudates would be present in highest
concentration at the site of a persistent bacterial infection?
A) Fibrinous
B) Serous
C) Hemorrhagic
,D) Purulent Answer: d
◉ One systemic manifestation of the acute inflammatory response is
fever, which is induced by several mediators, including:
A) histamine.
B) interferon.
C) interleukin 1.
D) nitrous oxide. Answer: c
◉ Which of the following cells plays an active role in collagen
deposition during wound contraction and scar tissue formation?
A) Mast cell
B) Macrophage
C) Fibroblast
D) Osteocyte Answer: c
◉ If the surface barriers such as the skin or mucus membranes are
breached, the second line of defense in innate immunity is the:
A) lymph node.
B) lymphocyte response.
C) inflammatory response.
D) memory cells. Answer: c
,◉ If a person has innate resistance to a disease, the person has _____
immunity.
A) natural
B) native
C) active acquired
D) passive Answer: a
◉ A child fell off the swing and scraped her knee. The injured area
becomes red and painful. Which of the following would also occur?
A) Vasoconstriction
B) Decreased RBC concentration at injured site
C) Fluid movement from tissue to vessels
D) Edema at injured site Answer: d
◉ The mast cell, a major activator of inflammation, initiates the
inflammatory response through the process of:
A) cytokinesis.
B) endocytosis.
C) degranulation.
D) hemolysis. Answer: c
, ◉ A 13-year-old female fell on her knee while skating. The area
became inflamed and sore to touch. Which of the following would
result from activation of the plasma system secondary to her injury?
A) Mast cell degranulation
B) Release of cellular products
C) Cellular infiltration
D) Pathogenic invasion Answer: c
◉ A 35-year-old male is diagnosed with lobar pneumonia (lung
infection). Which of the following exudates would be present in
highest concentration at the site of this advanced inflammatory
response?
A) Serous
B) Purulent
C) Hemorrhagic
D) Fibrinous Answer: d
◉ In contrast with the inflammatory response, the immune
response:
A) is more effective at fighting microorganisms.
B) is faster.
C) recognizes specific invaders.
D) has no memory. Answer: c
2026 EXAMINATION TEST
◉ Opsonization promotes the process of:
A) phagocytosis.
B) vasodilation.
C) increased vascular permeability.
D) clotting. Answer: a
◉ Warmth and redness of the skin are indicators of inflammation.
Which of the following processes is responsible for this clinical
manifestation?
A) Increased vascular permeability
B) Phagocytosis
C) Vasoconstriction
D) Vasodilation Answer: d
◉ Which of the following exudates would be present in highest
concentration at the site of a persistent bacterial infection?
A) Fibrinous
B) Serous
C) Hemorrhagic
,D) Purulent Answer: d
◉ One systemic manifestation of the acute inflammatory response is
fever, which is induced by several mediators, including:
A) histamine.
B) interferon.
C) interleukin 1.
D) nitrous oxide. Answer: c
◉ Which of the following cells plays an active role in collagen
deposition during wound contraction and scar tissue formation?
A) Mast cell
B) Macrophage
C) Fibroblast
D) Osteocyte Answer: c
◉ If the surface barriers such as the skin or mucus membranes are
breached, the second line of defense in innate immunity is the:
A) lymph node.
B) lymphocyte response.
C) inflammatory response.
D) memory cells. Answer: c
,◉ If a person has innate resistance to a disease, the person has _____
immunity.
A) natural
B) native
C) active acquired
D) passive Answer: a
◉ A child fell off the swing and scraped her knee. The injured area
becomes red and painful. Which of the following would also occur?
A) Vasoconstriction
B) Decreased RBC concentration at injured site
C) Fluid movement from tissue to vessels
D) Edema at injured site Answer: d
◉ The mast cell, a major activator of inflammation, initiates the
inflammatory response through the process of:
A) cytokinesis.
B) endocytosis.
C) degranulation.
D) hemolysis. Answer: c
, ◉ A 13-year-old female fell on her knee while skating. The area
became inflamed and sore to touch. Which of the following would
result from activation of the plasma system secondary to her injury?
A) Mast cell degranulation
B) Release of cellular products
C) Cellular infiltration
D) Pathogenic invasion Answer: c
◉ A 35-year-old male is diagnosed with lobar pneumonia (lung
infection). Which of the following exudates would be present in
highest concentration at the site of this advanced inflammatory
response?
A) Serous
B) Purulent
C) Hemorrhagic
D) Fibrinous Answer: d
◉ In contrast with the inflammatory response, the immune
response:
A) is more effective at fighting microorganisms.
B) is faster.
C) recognizes specific invaders.
D) has no memory. Answer: c
