NURSING BS 231 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM
2026 EXAM Q&A STUDY GUIDE
◉ A 35-year-old male with hyperthyroidism begins treatment to
decrease thyroid activity. A nurse monitors for which of the
following conditions that could result secondary to the treatment?
A. Monocytosis
B. Lymphocytosis
C. Eosinophilia
D. Basophilia. Answer: Basophilia
◉ In disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), the nurse
assesses for active bleeding after intravascular clotting because:
A. Inflammatory mediators are released.
B. Clotting factors are depleted.
C. Tissue factor (TF) is inactivated.
D. Prothrombin is activated.. Answer: Clotting factors are depleted
◉ Thrombocytopenia may be:
,A. Transient or consistent
B. Congenital or acquired
C. Normal or abnormal
D. Active or inactive. Answer: Congenital or acquired
◉ A nurse recalls posthemorrhagic anemia can result in death when
a patient's blood loss is in excess of:
A. 30% to 39%
B. 20% to 29%
C. 40% to 49%
D. 50% to 59%. Answer: 40% to 49%
◉ A patient has microcytic hypochromic anemia. Which of the
following
pathogenic mechanisms may cause anemia in this patient? (Select all
that apply.)
A. Failure of mechanisms of compensatory erythropoiesis
B. Swelling in the tissues
C. Increased basal metabolic rate
D. Disturbances of the iron cycle
,E. Decreased erythrocyte life span. Answer: Failure of mechanisms
of compensatory erythropoiesis
Disturbances of the iron cycle
Decreased erythrocyte life span
◉ A 30-year-old female presents with hematuria, menorrhagia, and
bleeding gums. She is diagnosed with immune thrombocytic
purpura (ITP). A nurse realizes the most likely cause is:
A. Allergy-induced platelet lysis
B. Antibody destruction of platelets
C. T cell injury to megakaryocytes
D. An immune response to hypersplenism. Answer: Antibody
destruction of platelets
◉ A nurse checks individuals with liver disease for clotting problems
because:
A. High levels of bilirubin interfere with the clotting system.
B. The liver is often the site of platelet pooling.
C. Clotting factors are produced in the liver.
D. Treatment medications for liver failure cause fibrinolysis..
Answer: Clotting factors are produced in the liver
, ◉ A 67-year-old female has chronic gastrointestinal bleeding. A
nurse recalls the primary cause of her anemia is:
A. Bone marrow failure
B. Vitamin B12 deficiency
C. Iron deficiency
D. Folate deficiency. Answer: Iron deficiency
◉ A 20-year-old female has an increase in eosinophils. When the
patient wants to know the most likely cause of the eosinophilia.
What is the nurse's best response?
A. Parasitic invasion and allergic reactions
B. Viral and bacterial infections
C. Fungal infections and delayed hypersensitivity
D. Stress and anxiety reactions. Answer: Parasitic invasions and
allergic reactions
◉ A 45-year-old male is diagnosed with sideroblastic anemia. When
he asks what the most likely cause of this disease is, what is the
nurse's best response?
2026 EXAM Q&A STUDY GUIDE
◉ A 35-year-old male with hyperthyroidism begins treatment to
decrease thyroid activity. A nurse monitors for which of the
following conditions that could result secondary to the treatment?
A. Monocytosis
B. Lymphocytosis
C. Eosinophilia
D. Basophilia. Answer: Basophilia
◉ In disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), the nurse
assesses for active bleeding after intravascular clotting because:
A. Inflammatory mediators are released.
B. Clotting factors are depleted.
C. Tissue factor (TF) is inactivated.
D. Prothrombin is activated.. Answer: Clotting factors are depleted
◉ Thrombocytopenia may be:
,A. Transient or consistent
B. Congenital or acquired
C. Normal or abnormal
D. Active or inactive. Answer: Congenital or acquired
◉ A nurse recalls posthemorrhagic anemia can result in death when
a patient's blood loss is in excess of:
A. 30% to 39%
B. 20% to 29%
C. 40% to 49%
D. 50% to 59%. Answer: 40% to 49%
◉ A patient has microcytic hypochromic anemia. Which of the
following
pathogenic mechanisms may cause anemia in this patient? (Select all
that apply.)
A. Failure of mechanisms of compensatory erythropoiesis
B. Swelling in the tissues
C. Increased basal metabolic rate
D. Disturbances of the iron cycle
,E. Decreased erythrocyte life span. Answer: Failure of mechanisms
of compensatory erythropoiesis
Disturbances of the iron cycle
Decreased erythrocyte life span
◉ A 30-year-old female presents with hematuria, menorrhagia, and
bleeding gums. She is diagnosed with immune thrombocytic
purpura (ITP). A nurse realizes the most likely cause is:
A. Allergy-induced platelet lysis
B. Antibody destruction of platelets
C. T cell injury to megakaryocytes
D. An immune response to hypersplenism. Answer: Antibody
destruction of platelets
◉ A nurse checks individuals with liver disease for clotting problems
because:
A. High levels of bilirubin interfere with the clotting system.
B. The liver is often the site of platelet pooling.
C. Clotting factors are produced in the liver.
D. Treatment medications for liver failure cause fibrinolysis..
Answer: Clotting factors are produced in the liver
, ◉ A 67-year-old female has chronic gastrointestinal bleeding. A
nurse recalls the primary cause of her anemia is:
A. Bone marrow failure
B. Vitamin B12 deficiency
C. Iron deficiency
D. Folate deficiency. Answer: Iron deficiency
◉ A 20-year-old female has an increase in eosinophils. When the
patient wants to know the most likely cause of the eosinophilia.
What is the nurse's best response?
A. Parasitic invasion and allergic reactions
B. Viral and bacterial infections
C. Fungal infections and delayed hypersensitivity
D. Stress and anxiety reactions. Answer: Parasitic invasions and
allergic reactions
◉ A 45-year-old male is diagnosed with sideroblastic anemia. When
he asks what the most likely cause of this disease is, what is the
nurse's best response?
