1|Page
Microbiology Rio Salado 1-7 EXAM || QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||NEWEST EXAM!!!
How can prokaryotic cells be smaller than eukaryotic cells
and still carry on all the functions of life? - ANSWER-
Prokaryotic cells have a good surface area to volume
ratio. They contain 1 circular chromosome and no
membrane bound organelles. All of their chemical activity
occurs in the cytoplasm and cell membrane. They have all
they need at this minimal functional level.
Plasma membranes - ANSWER-Prokaryotes - primary
consist of phospholipids
Eukaryotes - contain carbs and sterols
damaging the plasma membrane - ANSWER-alcohols and
ammonium compounds - disinfectants
by disrupting the membrane phospholipid a group of
antibiotics polymyxins cause leakage of intracellular
contents resulting in cell death
passive processes - ANSWER-substances cross the
membrane from an area of high concentration to an area
of low concentrations without spending any energy
,2|Page
active processes - ANSWER-the cell must use energy ATP
to move substances from areas of low concentration to
high
plasmids - ANSWER-small circular double stranded DNA
molecules - not crucial for the cells survival but may carry
genes for antibiotic resistance, production of toxins, and
synthesis of enzymes.
plasmid DNA is used for gene manipulation in
biotechnology
ribosomes - ANSWER-both types of cell have them, they
are used as the sites of protein synthesis
Prokaryotic cells differ in the number of proteins and rRNA
molecules they contain they are also smaller and less
dense than ribosomes of eukaryotic cells
antibiotics work by inhibiting protein synthesis on
prokaryotic ribosomes
Distinguish clearly between prokaryotic cells and
eukaryotic cells - ANSWER-Pro- no nuclear membrane, no
enclosed organelles, flagella consisting of two protein
building blocks cell wall present and complex, plasma
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membrane doesn't have sterols or carbs, no cytoskeleton,
smaller in size, cells divide by binary fission
Euka- has a true nucleus, has multiple organelles, flagella
is complex, cell wall when present is simple, plasma
membrane consists of sterols and carbs, has a
cytoskeleton, larger, histones, cell divison by mitosis
Flagellum - eukaryotic - ANSWER-moves in a wave like
manner
cell wall - eukaryotic - ANSWER-does not contain
peptidoglycan which is significant medically because this
is what a lot of antibiotics act against.
cytoskeleton - ANSWER-consists of microfilaments,
microtubules and provides shape support and assets in
transporting substances through the cell.
endocytosis - ANSWER-segment of the plasma
membrane surrounds a paericle or large molecule and
encloses it and brings it into the cell - phagocytosis and
pinocytosis
, 4|Page
ribosomes - eukart - ANSWER-different because there are
more of them and they are made in the nucleus and then
are released to the cystol
nucleus - ANSWER-most characteristic of the eukaryotic
cell it contains almost all of the cells DNA
nucleosome - ANSWER-165 base pairs of DNA and 9
molecules of histones
endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWER-extensive network of
flattened membranes
Rough ER - factory for synthesized secretary proteins and
membrane molecules
Smooth ER- does not have ribosomes on the outer
surface, synthesizes phospholipids, fats and steroids
golgi complex - ANSWER-transport pathway of the
proteins synthesized by the rough ER
living cells - ANSWER-responding and adapting to the
environment and need for nutrients metabolism and
reproduction
Microbiology Rio Salado 1-7 EXAM || QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+||NEWEST EXAM!!!
How can prokaryotic cells be smaller than eukaryotic cells
and still carry on all the functions of life? - ANSWER-
Prokaryotic cells have a good surface area to volume
ratio. They contain 1 circular chromosome and no
membrane bound organelles. All of their chemical activity
occurs in the cytoplasm and cell membrane. They have all
they need at this minimal functional level.
Plasma membranes - ANSWER-Prokaryotes - primary
consist of phospholipids
Eukaryotes - contain carbs and sterols
damaging the plasma membrane - ANSWER-alcohols and
ammonium compounds - disinfectants
by disrupting the membrane phospholipid a group of
antibiotics polymyxins cause leakage of intracellular
contents resulting in cell death
passive processes - ANSWER-substances cross the
membrane from an area of high concentration to an area
of low concentrations without spending any energy
,2|Page
active processes - ANSWER-the cell must use energy ATP
to move substances from areas of low concentration to
high
plasmids - ANSWER-small circular double stranded DNA
molecules - not crucial for the cells survival but may carry
genes for antibiotic resistance, production of toxins, and
synthesis of enzymes.
plasmid DNA is used for gene manipulation in
biotechnology
ribosomes - ANSWER-both types of cell have them, they
are used as the sites of protein synthesis
Prokaryotic cells differ in the number of proteins and rRNA
molecules they contain they are also smaller and less
dense than ribosomes of eukaryotic cells
antibiotics work by inhibiting protein synthesis on
prokaryotic ribosomes
Distinguish clearly between prokaryotic cells and
eukaryotic cells - ANSWER-Pro- no nuclear membrane, no
enclosed organelles, flagella consisting of two protein
building blocks cell wall present and complex, plasma
,3|Page
membrane doesn't have sterols or carbs, no cytoskeleton,
smaller in size, cells divide by binary fission
Euka- has a true nucleus, has multiple organelles, flagella
is complex, cell wall when present is simple, plasma
membrane consists of sterols and carbs, has a
cytoskeleton, larger, histones, cell divison by mitosis
Flagellum - eukaryotic - ANSWER-moves in a wave like
manner
cell wall - eukaryotic - ANSWER-does not contain
peptidoglycan which is significant medically because this
is what a lot of antibiotics act against.
cytoskeleton - ANSWER-consists of microfilaments,
microtubules and provides shape support and assets in
transporting substances through the cell.
endocytosis - ANSWER-segment of the plasma
membrane surrounds a paericle or large molecule and
encloses it and brings it into the cell - phagocytosis and
pinocytosis
, 4|Page
ribosomes - eukart - ANSWER-different because there are
more of them and they are made in the nucleus and then
are released to the cystol
nucleus - ANSWER-most characteristic of the eukaryotic
cell it contains almost all of the cells DNA
nucleosome - ANSWER-165 base pairs of DNA and 9
molecules of histones
endoplasmic reticulum - ANSWER-extensive network of
flattened membranes
Rough ER - factory for synthesized secretary proteins and
membrane molecules
Smooth ER- does not have ribosomes on the outer
surface, synthesizes phospholipids, fats and steroids
golgi complex - ANSWER-transport pathway of the
proteins synthesized by the rough ER
living cells - ANSWER-responding and adapting to the
environment and need for nutrients metabolism and
reproduction
