NU 672
Counselling &
Psychotherapy
Proctored Final
Exam Review
2026
(With Solutions)
Section A: Multiple Choice (10 Questions)
1. Case: A patient with trauma history struggles to reprocess intrusive memories.
Question: Which therapy specifically targets traumatic memory reconsolidation?
o A. CBT
o B. EMDR
o C. DBT
o D. Psychoanalysis
Answer: B. EMDR
Rationale: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing facilitates adaptive
reprocessing of traumatic memories.
2. Case: A client with depression benefits from identifying automatic negative thoughts.
Question: Which technique is being used?
o A. Cognitive restructuring
o B. Free association
o C. Systematic desensitization
o D. Motivational interviewing
Answer: A. Cognitive restructuring
Rationale: Core CBT technique to challenge maladaptive cognitions.
3. Case: A patient with borderline personality disorder struggles with emotional
regulation.
Question: Which psychotherapy is most evidence-based?
o A. DBT
o B. Gestalt therapy
o C. Psychoanalysis
o D. Family therapy
Answer: A. DBT
Rationale: Dialectical Behavior Therapy is proven effective for BPD.
4. Case: A client with substance use disorder is ambivalent about change.
, Question: Which counselling approach is most appropriate?
o A. Motivational interviewing
o B. Psychoanalysis
o C. CBT
o D. Solution-focused therapy
Answer: A. Motivational interviewing
Rationale: MI enhances intrinsic motivation for change.
5. Case: A patient with phobia undergoes gradual exposure to feared stimuli.
Question: Which technique is applied?
o A. Flooding
o B. Systematic desensitization
o C. Aversion therapy
o D. Psychoeducation
Answer: B. Systematic desensitization
Rationale: Gradual exposure paired with relaxation reduces phobic response.
6. Case: A client with depression benefits from focusing on present awareness.
Question: Which therapy emphasizes mindfulness?
o A. DBT
o B. Gestalt therapy
o C. CBT
o D. Psychoanalysis
Answer: B. Gestalt therapy
Rationale: Gestalt emphasizes present-moment awareness and experiential
techniques.
7. Case: A patient with schizophrenia benefits from family sessions to reduce expressed
emotion.
Question: Which intervention is being used?
o A. Family psychoeducation
o B. Group therapy
o C. Psychodynamic therapy
o D. Narrative therapy
Answer: A. Family psychoeducation
Rationale: Reduces relapse risk by lowering family stress and criticism.
8. Case: A client with PTSD avoids reminders of trauma.
Question: Which therapy directly targets avoidance?
o A. Exposure therapy
o B. Psychoanalysis
o C. DBT
o D. Hypnosis
Answer: A. Exposure therapy
Rationale: Gradual exposure reduces avoidance and fear.
9. Case: A patient with depression benefits from identifying strengths and solutions.
Question: Which therapy is being applied?
o A. Solution-focused therapy
o B. CBT
o C. Psychoanalysis
, o D. EMDR
Answer: A. Solution-focused therapy
Rationale: Focuses on strengths and future-oriented solutions.
10. Case: A client with anxiety benefits from relaxation and guided imagery.
Question: Which technique is used?
• A. Behavioral activation
• B. Stress inoculation training
• C. Progressive muscle relaxation
• D. Flooding
Answer: C. Progressive muscle relaxation
Rationale: Reduces physiological arousal in anxiety.
Section B: True/False (10 Questions)
11. Case: Motivational interviewing is directive and confrontational.
Answer: False
Rationale: MI is collaborative and non-confrontational.
12. Case: CBT focuses on the relationship between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
Answer: True
Rationale: Core CBT principle.
13. Case: Psychoanalysis emphasizes unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences.
Answer: True
Rationale: Freud’s foundational theory.
14. Case: DBT excludes mindfulness techniques.
Answer: False
Rationale: Mindfulness is a core DBT skill.
15. Case: EMDR requires bilateral stimulation.
Answer: True
Rationale: Eye movements or tapping facilitate reprocessing.
16. Case: Solution-focused therapy emphasizes past trauma.
Answer: False
Rationale: It emphasizes present strengths and future goals.
17. Case: Group therapy can reduce isolation in psychiatric patients.
Answer: True
Rationale: Provides peer support and normalization.
18. Case: Systematic desensitization uses relaxation paired with exposure.
Answer: True
Rationale: Classical conditioning principle.
19. Case: Psychoeducation is only for patients, not families.
Answer: False
Rationale: Family involvement improves outcomes.
, 20. Case: Gestalt therapy emphasizes “here and now” awareness.
Answer: True
Rationale: Central Gestalt principle.
Section C: Short Answer (10 Questions)
21. Case: Patient with OCD spends hours checking locks.
Question: Which behavioral technique is most effective?
Answer: Exposure and response prevention.
Rationale: ERP prevents compulsive rituals.
22. Case: Patient with depression reports hopelessness.
Question: Which CBT technique addresses this?
Answer: Cognitive restructuring.
Rationale: Challenges maladaptive beliefs.
23. Case: Patient with substance use disorder is ambivalent.
Question: Which counselling approach is indicated?
Answer: Motivational interviewing.
Rationale: Enhances readiness for change.
24. Case: Patient with trauma avoids reminders.
Question: Which therapy is indicated?
Answer: Exposure therapy.
Rationale: Reduces avoidance.
25. Case: Patient with borderline personality disorder self-harms.
Question: Which therapy is evidence-based?
Answer: DBT.
Rationale: Targets emotional dysregulation.
26. Case: Patient with schizophrenia lacks insight.
Question: What is this phenomenon called?
Answer: Anosognosia.
Rationale: Lack of awareness of illness.
27. Case: Patient with phobia undergoes gradual exposure.
Question: Which technique is used?
Answer: Systematic desensitization.
Rationale: Gradual exposure reduces fear.
28. Case: Patient with depression benefits from focusing on strengths.
Question: Which therapy is applied?
Answer: Solution-focused therapy.
Rationale: Builds resilience.
29. Case: Patient with PTSD has nightmares.
Question: Which therapy is indicated?
Answer: EMDR.
Rationale: Targets traumatic memory processing.
Counselling &
Psychotherapy
Proctored Final
Exam Review
2026
(With Solutions)
Section A: Multiple Choice (10 Questions)
1. Case: A patient with trauma history struggles to reprocess intrusive memories.
Question: Which therapy specifically targets traumatic memory reconsolidation?
o A. CBT
o B. EMDR
o C. DBT
o D. Psychoanalysis
Answer: B. EMDR
Rationale: Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing facilitates adaptive
reprocessing of traumatic memories.
2. Case: A client with depression benefits from identifying automatic negative thoughts.
Question: Which technique is being used?
o A. Cognitive restructuring
o B. Free association
o C. Systematic desensitization
o D. Motivational interviewing
Answer: A. Cognitive restructuring
Rationale: Core CBT technique to challenge maladaptive cognitions.
3. Case: A patient with borderline personality disorder struggles with emotional
regulation.
Question: Which psychotherapy is most evidence-based?
o A. DBT
o B. Gestalt therapy
o C. Psychoanalysis
o D. Family therapy
Answer: A. DBT
Rationale: Dialectical Behavior Therapy is proven effective for BPD.
4. Case: A client with substance use disorder is ambivalent about change.
, Question: Which counselling approach is most appropriate?
o A. Motivational interviewing
o B. Psychoanalysis
o C. CBT
o D. Solution-focused therapy
Answer: A. Motivational interviewing
Rationale: MI enhances intrinsic motivation for change.
5. Case: A patient with phobia undergoes gradual exposure to feared stimuli.
Question: Which technique is applied?
o A. Flooding
o B. Systematic desensitization
o C. Aversion therapy
o D. Psychoeducation
Answer: B. Systematic desensitization
Rationale: Gradual exposure paired with relaxation reduces phobic response.
6. Case: A client with depression benefits from focusing on present awareness.
Question: Which therapy emphasizes mindfulness?
o A. DBT
o B. Gestalt therapy
o C. CBT
o D. Psychoanalysis
Answer: B. Gestalt therapy
Rationale: Gestalt emphasizes present-moment awareness and experiential
techniques.
7. Case: A patient with schizophrenia benefits from family sessions to reduce expressed
emotion.
Question: Which intervention is being used?
o A. Family psychoeducation
o B. Group therapy
o C. Psychodynamic therapy
o D. Narrative therapy
Answer: A. Family psychoeducation
Rationale: Reduces relapse risk by lowering family stress and criticism.
8. Case: A client with PTSD avoids reminders of trauma.
Question: Which therapy directly targets avoidance?
o A. Exposure therapy
o B. Psychoanalysis
o C. DBT
o D. Hypnosis
Answer: A. Exposure therapy
Rationale: Gradual exposure reduces avoidance and fear.
9. Case: A patient with depression benefits from identifying strengths and solutions.
Question: Which therapy is being applied?
o A. Solution-focused therapy
o B. CBT
o C. Psychoanalysis
, o D. EMDR
Answer: A. Solution-focused therapy
Rationale: Focuses on strengths and future-oriented solutions.
10. Case: A client with anxiety benefits from relaxation and guided imagery.
Question: Which technique is used?
• A. Behavioral activation
• B. Stress inoculation training
• C. Progressive muscle relaxation
• D. Flooding
Answer: C. Progressive muscle relaxation
Rationale: Reduces physiological arousal in anxiety.
Section B: True/False (10 Questions)
11. Case: Motivational interviewing is directive and confrontational.
Answer: False
Rationale: MI is collaborative and non-confrontational.
12. Case: CBT focuses on the relationship between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.
Answer: True
Rationale: Core CBT principle.
13. Case: Psychoanalysis emphasizes unconscious conflicts and childhood experiences.
Answer: True
Rationale: Freud’s foundational theory.
14. Case: DBT excludes mindfulness techniques.
Answer: False
Rationale: Mindfulness is a core DBT skill.
15. Case: EMDR requires bilateral stimulation.
Answer: True
Rationale: Eye movements or tapping facilitate reprocessing.
16. Case: Solution-focused therapy emphasizes past trauma.
Answer: False
Rationale: It emphasizes present strengths and future goals.
17. Case: Group therapy can reduce isolation in psychiatric patients.
Answer: True
Rationale: Provides peer support and normalization.
18. Case: Systematic desensitization uses relaxation paired with exposure.
Answer: True
Rationale: Classical conditioning principle.
19. Case: Psychoeducation is only for patients, not families.
Answer: False
Rationale: Family involvement improves outcomes.
, 20. Case: Gestalt therapy emphasizes “here and now” awareness.
Answer: True
Rationale: Central Gestalt principle.
Section C: Short Answer (10 Questions)
21. Case: Patient with OCD spends hours checking locks.
Question: Which behavioral technique is most effective?
Answer: Exposure and response prevention.
Rationale: ERP prevents compulsive rituals.
22. Case: Patient with depression reports hopelessness.
Question: Which CBT technique addresses this?
Answer: Cognitive restructuring.
Rationale: Challenges maladaptive beliefs.
23. Case: Patient with substance use disorder is ambivalent.
Question: Which counselling approach is indicated?
Answer: Motivational interviewing.
Rationale: Enhances readiness for change.
24. Case: Patient with trauma avoids reminders.
Question: Which therapy is indicated?
Answer: Exposure therapy.
Rationale: Reduces avoidance.
25. Case: Patient with borderline personality disorder self-harms.
Question: Which therapy is evidence-based?
Answer: DBT.
Rationale: Targets emotional dysregulation.
26. Case: Patient with schizophrenia lacks insight.
Question: What is this phenomenon called?
Answer: Anosognosia.
Rationale: Lack of awareness of illness.
27. Case: Patient with phobia undergoes gradual exposure.
Question: Which technique is used?
Answer: Systematic desensitization.
Rationale: Gradual exposure reduces fear.
28. Case: Patient with depression benefits from focusing on strengths.
Question: Which therapy is applied?
Answer: Solution-focused therapy.
Rationale: Builds resilience.
29. Case: Patient with PTSD has nightmares.
Question: Which therapy is indicated?
Answer: EMDR.
Rationale: Targets traumatic memory processing.
