BIOL 1090 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
~3 billion years ago the Earths atmosphere was composed of - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅nitrogen,
ammonia, methane, carbon dioxide, water and hydrogen gas
Lifes' organic building blocks were formed when - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅lightning bolts fuelled
reactions that changed the composition of Earth's atmosphere
The method of the Miller-Urey experiment was - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅simulated Earths atmosphere
from ~3 billion years ago then sent sparks of electricity through the system
The Miller-Urey experiment formed - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅urea, cyanide, formaldehyde and amino
acids, the basic building blocks of life
The Cell Theory states that - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- the cell is the structural unit of life
- all organisms are composed of one or more cell types
- cells can only arise by the division of a pre-existing cell
The production of a cell requires - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅information, chemistry and compartments
Compartments are - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅membrane bound structures dedicated to a particular
function
The basic properties of cells are that they - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- are highly complex and organized
- are actively controlled by a genetic program
can reproduce
- assimilate and utilize energy
- carry out chemical reactions
- engage in mechanical activities
- respond to stimuli
- are capable of self-regulation
,- evolve
Prokaryotic cells are - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅structurally simple, ex: bacteria
Eukaryotic cells are - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅structurally complex
Types of eukaryotic organisms are - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅protists, fungi, plants and animals
Cells are organized with respect to - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅time and space
Viruses are - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅non-cellular macromolecule packages that can function and
reproduce only within living cells
Virons are - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅inanimate particles that viruses exist as outside of cells
Virons are composed of - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a small amount of genetic material and a protein
capsule or capsid
The types of cells viruses can infect and the host range are defined by - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the
specific proteins on the cell surface
A virus with a wide host range is - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅rabies (dogs, bats, humans, etc.)
A virus with a narrow host range is - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅human influenza (epithelial cells of the
human respiratory system)
Once a virus has infected a cell it - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅hijacks cellular machinery to synthesize
nucleic acids, proteins and new virus particles
Lytic viral infections - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅rupture and kill cells by producing virus particles
, Non-Lytic or integrative or lysogenic viral infections - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- insert viral DNA into the
host genome to create a provirus
- the cell can survive with impaired function
The function of biological membranes is to - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- provide cell boundary
- define and enclose compartments
- control movement of material
- allow response to external stimuli
- enable interactions between cells
- provide a scaffold for biochemical activities
The Fluid-Mosaic model of biological membranes was named for - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the way
individual lipid molecules move and for the diverse particle that penetrate the lipid layer
The fluid-mosaic model is composed of - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a bilayer of amphipathic lipids and
proteins
The definition of amphipathic is - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅having both hydrophobic (non-polar) and
hydrophilic (polar) regions
The phospholipids of biological membranes are composed of - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a hydrophilic
phosphate head and 2 hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails
Saturated hydrocarbon tails are - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅straight because every carbon has hydrogens
so no double bonds need to form
Unsaturated hydrocarbon tails are - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅kinked because some of the carbons have
formed double bonds with their neighbours because there are not enough hydrogens
~3 billion years ago the Earths atmosphere was composed of - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅nitrogen,
ammonia, methane, carbon dioxide, water and hydrogen gas
Lifes' organic building blocks were formed when - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅lightning bolts fuelled
reactions that changed the composition of Earth's atmosphere
The method of the Miller-Urey experiment was - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅simulated Earths atmosphere
from ~3 billion years ago then sent sparks of electricity through the system
The Miller-Urey experiment formed - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅urea, cyanide, formaldehyde and amino
acids, the basic building blocks of life
The Cell Theory states that - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- the cell is the structural unit of life
- all organisms are composed of one or more cell types
- cells can only arise by the division of a pre-existing cell
The production of a cell requires - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅information, chemistry and compartments
Compartments are - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅membrane bound structures dedicated to a particular
function
The basic properties of cells are that they - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- are highly complex and organized
- are actively controlled by a genetic program
can reproduce
- assimilate and utilize energy
- carry out chemical reactions
- engage in mechanical activities
- respond to stimuli
- are capable of self-regulation
,- evolve
Prokaryotic cells are - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅structurally simple, ex: bacteria
Eukaryotic cells are - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅structurally complex
Types of eukaryotic organisms are - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅protists, fungi, plants and animals
Cells are organized with respect to - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅time and space
Viruses are - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅non-cellular macromolecule packages that can function and
reproduce only within living cells
Virons are - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅inanimate particles that viruses exist as outside of cells
Virons are composed of - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a small amount of genetic material and a protein
capsule or capsid
The types of cells viruses can infect and the host range are defined by - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the
specific proteins on the cell surface
A virus with a wide host range is - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅rabies (dogs, bats, humans, etc.)
A virus with a narrow host range is - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅human influenza (epithelial cells of the
human respiratory system)
Once a virus has infected a cell it - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅hijacks cellular machinery to synthesize
nucleic acids, proteins and new virus particles
Lytic viral infections - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅rupture and kill cells by producing virus particles
, Non-Lytic or integrative or lysogenic viral infections - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- insert viral DNA into the
host genome to create a provirus
- the cell can survive with impaired function
The function of biological membranes is to - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅- provide cell boundary
- define and enclose compartments
- control movement of material
- allow response to external stimuli
- enable interactions between cells
- provide a scaffold for biochemical activities
The Fluid-Mosaic model of biological membranes was named for - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅the way
individual lipid molecules move and for the diverse particle that penetrate the lipid layer
The fluid-mosaic model is composed of - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a bilayer of amphipathic lipids and
proteins
The definition of amphipathic is - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅having both hydrophobic (non-polar) and
hydrophilic (polar) regions
The phospholipids of biological membranes are composed of - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅a hydrophilic
phosphate head and 2 hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails
Saturated hydrocarbon tails are - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅straight because every carbon has hydrogens
so no double bonds need to form
Unsaturated hydrocarbon tails are - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅kinked because some of the carbons have
formed double bonds with their neighbours because there are not enough hydrogens
