PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NEURO FUNCTION (EXAM 2) QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS LATEST DOWNLOAD 2026/2027 BEST EXAM SOLUTION
GRADED TO SCORE A+ FOR SUCCESS
unmyelinated C fibers - CORRECT ANSWERS poorly localized dull pain that can be detected
by nociceptors
sensory/discriminative system - CORRECT ANSWERS processes information about the pain
(strength, intensity, temporal and spacial aspects)
-occurs through afferent nerve fibers, spinal cord, brain stem, and higher brain centers
motivational/affective system - CORRECT ANSWERS learned approach/avoidance response
to painful stimuli
-interaction of reticular formation, limbic system, and brain stem
cognitive/evaluative system - CORRECT ANSWERS interpretation of pain influenced by
culture, gender roles, and prior experiences
-can block, modulate, or intensify the perception of pain
pain threshold - CORRECT ANSWERS lowest intensity a stimuli is perceived as pain
-stays relatively constant
perceptual dominance - CORRECT ANSWERS pain in one area can block perception of pain in
another
pain sensation - CORRECT ANSWERS an unpleasant but protective phenomenon that is
uniquely experienced by each individual
nociception - CORRECT ANSWERS processing harmful stimuli through normally functioning
nervous system
nociceptors - CORRECT ANSWERS free nerve endings in skin, muscles, joints, arteries, and
the viscera that respond to chemical, mechanical, and thermal stimuli
A-delta myelinated fibers - CORRECT ANSWERS localized fast pain sensations that can be
detected by nociceptors
,PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NEURO FUNCTION (EXAM 2) QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS LATEST DOWNLOAD 2026/2027 BEST EXAM SOLUTION
GRADED TO SCORE A+ FOR SUCCESS
pain tolerance - CORRECT ANSWERS amount of time or intensity that individual will endure
before pain response
-influenced by culture, expectations, role behaviors, and physical/mental health
neurotransmitters of pain modulation - CORRECT ANSWERS modulate control in periphery,
spinal cord, and brain
-triggered by tissue injury and/or inflammation
excitatory neurotransmitters - CORRECT ANSWERS glutamate, aspartate, substance P,
calcitonin
inhibitory neurotransmitters - CORRECT ANSWERS GABA, glycine, serotonin, norepinephrine
pathways of pain modulation - CORRECT ANSWERS -descending inhibitory or facilitory
pathway
-segmental inhibition of pain
-diffuse noxious inhibitory control
-expectancy-related cortical activation
descending inhibitory or facilitory pathway - CORRECT ANSWERS inhibitory pathways
-activate opioid receptors
-inhibit release of excitatory neurotransmitters
-release inhibitory neurotransmitters
segmental inhibition of pain - CORRECT ANSWERS A-beta fibers stimulate inhibitory
interneurons and decrease pain transmission
diffuse noxious inhibitory control - CORRECT ANSWERS pain relieved when two noxious
stimuli occur at the same time from different sites
expectancy-related cortical activation - CORRECT ANSWERS placebo effect
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NEURO FUNCTION (EXAM 2) QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS LATEST DOWNLOAD 2026/2027 BEST EXAM SOLUTION
GRADED TO SCORE A+ FOR SUCCESS
-cognitive expectations cause physiologic effects
acute pain - CORRECT ANSWERS protective mechanism that alerts an individual to a
condition or experience that is immediately harmful to the body
-mobilizes individual to take prompt action
-usually lasts less than 6 months
-begins suddenly and relieved after pain stimulus removed
somatic acute pain - CORRECT ANSWERS superficial, skin or close to surface of body
-A-delta fibers or C fibers
visceral acute pain - CORRECT ANSWERS internal organs, abdomen, or skeleton
-c fibers
referred acute pain - CORRECT ANSWERS origin from distant point, nerve supply from same
spinal segment
chronic pain - CORRECT ANSWERS pain lasting longer than expected healing time
-usually lasting at least 3-6 months
neuropathic pain - CORRECT ANSWERS dysfunction that causes long-term changes in pain
pathway structures and abnormal processing of sensory information
-application of pain without stimulation
-often described as burning, shooting, shocklike, or tingling
pathophysiologic responses associated with acute pain - CORRECT ANSWERS -blood is
shifted from non-vital to vital parts of the body
-vessels of the skin, peripheral and abdominal viscera constrict (cold hands and feet)
-vessels of the heart, skeletal muscles, lungs and brain dilate
-increased metabolic rate and oxygen consumption
DETAILED ANSWERS LATEST DOWNLOAD 2026/2027 BEST EXAM SOLUTION
GRADED TO SCORE A+ FOR SUCCESS
unmyelinated C fibers - CORRECT ANSWERS poorly localized dull pain that can be detected
by nociceptors
sensory/discriminative system - CORRECT ANSWERS processes information about the pain
(strength, intensity, temporal and spacial aspects)
-occurs through afferent nerve fibers, spinal cord, brain stem, and higher brain centers
motivational/affective system - CORRECT ANSWERS learned approach/avoidance response
to painful stimuli
-interaction of reticular formation, limbic system, and brain stem
cognitive/evaluative system - CORRECT ANSWERS interpretation of pain influenced by
culture, gender roles, and prior experiences
-can block, modulate, or intensify the perception of pain
pain threshold - CORRECT ANSWERS lowest intensity a stimuli is perceived as pain
-stays relatively constant
perceptual dominance - CORRECT ANSWERS pain in one area can block perception of pain in
another
pain sensation - CORRECT ANSWERS an unpleasant but protective phenomenon that is
uniquely experienced by each individual
nociception - CORRECT ANSWERS processing harmful stimuli through normally functioning
nervous system
nociceptors - CORRECT ANSWERS free nerve endings in skin, muscles, joints, arteries, and
the viscera that respond to chemical, mechanical, and thermal stimuli
A-delta myelinated fibers - CORRECT ANSWERS localized fast pain sensations that can be
detected by nociceptors
,PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NEURO FUNCTION (EXAM 2) QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS LATEST DOWNLOAD 2026/2027 BEST EXAM SOLUTION
GRADED TO SCORE A+ FOR SUCCESS
pain tolerance - CORRECT ANSWERS amount of time or intensity that individual will endure
before pain response
-influenced by culture, expectations, role behaviors, and physical/mental health
neurotransmitters of pain modulation - CORRECT ANSWERS modulate control in periphery,
spinal cord, and brain
-triggered by tissue injury and/or inflammation
excitatory neurotransmitters - CORRECT ANSWERS glutamate, aspartate, substance P,
calcitonin
inhibitory neurotransmitters - CORRECT ANSWERS GABA, glycine, serotonin, norepinephrine
pathways of pain modulation - CORRECT ANSWERS -descending inhibitory or facilitory
pathway
-segmental inhibition of pain
-diffuse noxious inhibitory control
-expectancy-related cortical activation
descending inhibitory or facilitory pathway - CORRECT ANSWERS inhibitory pathways
-activate opioid receptors
-inhibit release of excitatory neurotransmitters
-release inhibitory neurotransmitters
segmental inhibition of pain - CORRECT ANSWERS A-beta fibers stimulate inhibitory
interneurons and decrease pain transmission
diffuse noxious inhibitory control - CORRECT ANSWERS pain relieved when two noxious
stimuli occur at the same time from different sites
expectancy-related cortical activation - CORRECT ANSWERS placebo effect
, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY NEURO FUNCTION (EXAM 2) QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS LATEST DOWNLOAD 2026/2027 BEST EXAM SOLUTION
GRADED TO SCORE A+ FOR SUCCESS
-cognitive expectations cause physiologic effects
acute pain - CORRECT ANSWERS protective mechanism that alerts an individual to a
condition or experience that is immediately harmful to the body
-mobilizes individual to take prompt action
-usually lasts less than 6 months
-begins suddenly and relieved after pain stimulus removed
somatic acute pain - CORRECT ANSWERS superficial, skin or close to surface of body
-A-delta fibers or C fibers
visceral acute pain - CORRECT ANSWERS internal organs, abdomen, or skeleton
-c fibers
referred acute pain - CORRECT ANSWERS origin from distant point, nerve supply from same
spinal segment
chronic pain - CORRECT ANSWERS pain lasting longer than expected healing time
-usually lasting at least 3-6 months
neuropathic pain - CORRECT ANSWERS dysfunction that causes long-term changes in pain
pathway structures and abnormal processing of sensory information
-application of pain without stimulation
-often described as burning, shooting, shocklike, or tingling
pathophysiologic responses associated with acute pain - CORRECT ANSWERS -blood is
shifted from non-vital to vital parts of the body
-vessels of the skin, peripheral and abdominal viscera constrict (cold hands and feet)
-vessels of the heart, skeletal muscles, lungs and brain dilate
-increased metabolic rate and oxygen consumption
