UNIT IV
FUNDAMENTALS OF SENSORS AND
INTERNET OF THINGS (SIoT)
INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON
PROGRAMMING
1
,2.1 Sensors and Actuators
⚫ Sensors are devices that detect or measure physical
quantities such as temperature, pressure, humidity,
light, sound, or motion.
⚫ They convert these physical quantities into electrical
signals that can be processed by electronic devices,
such as computers or control systems.
⚫ Examples of sensors include thermometers,
pressure sensors, humidity sensors, light sensors,
microphones, and accelerometers.
2
, Cont’
Figure 2.1 The outline of a simple sensing operation
⚫ Actuators are devices that use energy to perform a specific task or to control a
system.
⚫ They are often used to convert electrical signals into physical motion or other types
of energy.
⚫ Examples of actuators include motors, solenoids, relays, and hydraulic cylinders.
3
Figure 2.2 The outline of a simple actuation mechanism
, 2.5 Raspberry pi Platform and
Processor
⚫ Raspberry Pi is a small, low-cost computer developed by the
Raspberry Pi Foundation, a UK-based charity organization.
⚫ It was created to promote the teaching of basic computer science in
schools and developing countries.
⚫ The original Raspberry Pi Model B, released in 2012, had a 700 MHz
single-core ARM11 processor.
⚫ Since then, the Raspberry Pi Foundation has released several
updated models with more powerful processors.
⚫ The most common model currently in use is the Raspberry Pi 3,
which has a 1.2 GHz 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 processor.
⚫ This processor is based on the ARMv8 architecture and is capable of
running a range of operating systems, including Linux and Windows
10 IoT Core.
4
FUNDAMENTALS OF SENSORS AND
INTERNET OF THINGS (SIoT)
INTRODUCTION TO PYTHON
PROGRAMMING
1
,2.1 Sensors and Actuators
⚫ Sensors are devices that detect or measure physical
quantities such as temperature, pressure, humidity,
light, sound, or motion.
⚫ They convert these physical quantities into electrical
signals that can be processed by electronic devices,
such as computers or control systems.
⚫ Examples of sensors include thermometers,
pressure sensors, humidity sensors, light sensors,
microphones, and accelerometers.
2
, Cont’
Figure 2.1 The outline of a simple sensing operation
⚫ Actuators are devices that use energy to perform a specific task or to control a
system.
⚫ They are often used to convert electrical signals into physical motion or other types
of energy.
⚫ Examples of actuators include motors, solenoids, relays, and hydraulic cylinders.
3
Figure 2.2 The outline of a simple actuation mechanism
, 2.5 Raspberry pi Platform and
Processor
⚫ Raspberry Pi is a small, low-cost computer developed by the
Raspberry Pi Foundation, a UK-based charity organization.
⚫ It was created to promote the teaching of basic computer science in
schools and developing countries.
⚫ The original Raspberry Pi Model B, released in 2012, had a 700 MHz
single-core ARM11 processor.
⚫ Since then, the Raspberry Pi Foundation has released several
updated models with more powerful processors.
⚫ The most common model currently in use is the Raspberry Pi 3,
which has a 1.2 GHz 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 processor.
⚫ This processor is based on the ARMv8 architecture and is capable of
running a range of operating systems, including Linux and Windows
10 IoT Core.
4
