PSIO 201 EXAM 4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Lateral Corticospinal Tract (motor tract) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Contralateral; controls motor function
of limbs (appendicular skeleton)
Anterior Corticospinal Tract (motor tract) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Ipsilateral; controls motor function of
axial skeleton
Posterior Columns (sensory tract) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Ipsilateral; sense fine touch and vibration
Spinothalamic Tract (sensory tract) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Contralateral; pain, temperature, and
pressure
Spinocerebellar Tract (sensory tract) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Contralateral; unconscious proprioception
(if you close your eyes it's knowing where your limbs are)
Sensory Tracts Movement - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅also known as ascending tracts moves the signal up
the spinal cord
Motor Tracts Movement - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅also known as descending tracts moves signals down
the spinal cord
Epinephrine (adrenaline) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅hormone, produced by the adrenal gland
Norepinephrine - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅neurotransmitter
Neuron - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Communication and control of body functions via electrical/chemical
signals
Dendrites - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅receive input from other neurons
, Soma - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅cell body; houses nucleus and organelles
Axon Hillock - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅decision point for action potential initiation
Axon - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅conducts electrical impulses away from soma
Myelin Sheath - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Insulates axon and increases conduction velocity
Node of Ranvier - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅unmyelinated gap enabling saltatory conduction (impulses
jumping the gap)
Axon Terminal - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Releases neurotransmitters
Bipolar (neuron classifications) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅sensory (retina, olfactory)
Pseudounipolar (neuron classifications) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglion
Multipolar (neuron classifications) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅motor and interneurons (most common)
Dorsal Stream - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅"where/how" pathway - Spatial location, movement, guiding
actions
Ventral Stream - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅"what" pathway - Object identification and recognition
Astrocytes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Nourish neurons, structural support, potassium (K+) regulation,
neurotransmitter uptake, part of BBB
Oligodendrocytes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Form myelin sheath in CNS
Lateral Corticospinal Tract (motor tract) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Contralateral; controls motor function
of limbs (appendicular skeleton)
Anterior Corticospinal Tract (motor tract) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Ipsilateral; controls motor function of
axial skeleton
Posterior Columns (sensory tract) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Ipsilateral; sense fine touch and vibration
Spinothalamic Tract (sensory tract) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Contralateral; pain, temperature, and
pressure
Spinocerebellar Tract (sensory tract) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Contralateral; unconscious proprioception
(if you close your eyes it's knowing where your limbs are)
Sensory Tracts Movement - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅also known as ascending tracts moves the signal up
the spinal cord
Motor Tracts Movement - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅also known as descending tracts moves signals down
the spinal cord
Epinephrine (adrenaline) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅hormone, produced by the adrenal gland
Norepinephrine - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅neurotransmitter
Neuron - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Communication and control of body functions via electrical/chemical
signals
Dendrites - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅receive input from other neurons
, Soma - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅cell body; houses nucleus and organelles
Axon Hillock - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅decision point for action potential initiation
Axon - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅conducts electrical impulses away from soma
Myelin Sheath - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Insulates axon and increases conduction velocity
Node of Ranvier - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅unmyelinated gap enabling saltatory conduction (impulses
jumping the gap)
Axon Terminal - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Releases neurotransmitters
Bipolar (neuron classifications) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅sensory (retina, olfactory)
Pseudounipolar (neuron classifications) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅sensory neurons in dorsal root ganglion
Multipolar (neuron classifications) - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅motor and interneurons (most common)
Dorsal Stream - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅"where/how" pathway - Spatial location, movement, guiding
actions
Ventral Stream - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅"what" pathway - Object identification and recognition
Astrocytes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Nourish neurons, structural support, potassium (K+) regulation,
neurotransmitter uptake, part of BBB
Oligodendrocytes - CORRECT ANSWER✅✅Form myelin sheath in CNS
