A&P ll Portage Learning Alternate Final Exam | Complete Study Guide | Actual Exam Questions & Correct Answers| Verified Detailed Answers) A Grade.

A&P ll Portage Learning Alternate Final Exam | Complete Study Guide | Actual Exam Questions & Correct Answers| Verified Detailed Answers) A Grade. Quiz_________________? Describe the differences in the male and female urethral anatomy. Be sure to provide implications for possible urinary tract infections. - Anawer The female urethra is shorter and only carries urine. The male urethra is approximately five times longer than the female urethra and carries both urine and semen from the body. Because the female urethra is shorter and its external opening is close to the anus, poor hygiene after defecation can easily carry bacteria into the urethra and travel to the bladder, causing a urinary tract infection (UTI). Quiz_________________? Describe the function of the sympathetic nervous system when a threat is present. - Anawer The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is often referred to as the "fight or flight" system. When in immediate danger, muscles require a steady, increased supply of glucose and oxygen for muscular contraction. The SNS accelerates the heartbeat, dilates the bronchi, and increases the respiratory rate. This supplies the increased need for oxygen throughout the body. The SNS also causes the liver to deliver more glucose for the body's increased metabolic needs. Sympathetic activation inhibits the digestive tract because digestion is not an immediate necessity when in danger or under attack. Quiz_________________? Development of a fetus in the uterus is divided into three trimesters. Choose one of the trimesters and name which months the trimester covers and at least two human development processes that occur in that trimester. - Anawer During the first trimester (months 1-3), key body systems such as the nervous and cardiovascular system begin to develop. Just after implantation, around week 3, the heart begins to beat. Around week 5, neurulation occurs. This is the formation of the neural tube from the outer folds of the ectoderm. By week 6, the fetal heartbeat can be detected on an ultrasound. The head shape is formed by this time but it is disproportionately large for the majority of the first trimester. By the end of week 8, the embryo is considered a fetus and begins to move. The fetus is still too small during the first trimester for fetal movement to be felt by the mother. The arms and legs begin to form and by week 13, the fetus has moveable joints, fingers, and toes. The eyes, ears, and nose begin to form but they are not on the correct location on the head. During the second trimester (months 4-6), the eyes, ears, and nose move to the correct location on the face. The head and body become more proportionate. Around the 16th week, the eyes begin to detect light and dark, and unique fingerprints develop on the hands. The mother will begin to feel fetal movement around week 18-21. Lanugo, or fetal hair, develops on the body for warmth,. The fetus also develops sleep/wake cycles and the heart begins to beat in a regulated pattern. The third trimester (months 7-9) is characterized by the continued development of the systems already in place. For males, the testes descend into the scrotum. The baby increases in weight and begins to develop fat under the skin. Sucking reflexes develop around week 32. Lung maturation and temperature regulation are vital for the survival of the baby outside of the uterus. Quiz_________________? Explain the main steps in the process of hearing.. - Anawer First, sound waves are funneled into the external auditory canal, causing the eardrum to vibrate. The vibrations transmit to the ossicles, which push against the fluid inside the cochlear duct. As the fluid within the cochlear duct receives vibrations, the tectorial membrane moves and bends the attached stereocilia. The mechanical movement of the stereocilia stimulates the neurons to send impulses through the cochlear nerve to the primary auditory cortex of the temporal lobe. Quiz_________________? Fill in the Blanks: The ____________ are the receiving end of a neuron, while the ____________ conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body. - Anawer Dendrites; axon Quiz_________________? Fill in the Blanks: The ____________ immune system is a generalized defense system that rapidly destroys a large number of pathogens, while the ___________ immune system is targeted against pathogens and takes several days to activate. - Anawer Nonspecific (innate); specific (adaptive)