POB University of Arkansas Exam 1 Shadwick|171 Q’s and A’s
Emergent Properties - -a property that a complex system has but the individual members
of the system do not.
example: saltiness, because NaCl is salty not Na or Cl.
-all aspects of life contain emergent properties.
-Viruses - -cellular nonliving structures that require a living cell to reproduce (obligate
parasites).
single celled, has an outer capsid that protects nucleic acid core (RNA) , and requires a host
cell to reproduce. have the ability to reproduce, adapt, are organized, respond to stimuli,
and acquire energy and materials.
-2 Main Components of Viruses - -Capsid - outer portion comprised of proteins
Nucleic Acid Core (DNA or RNA)
-Virus Life Cycle - -Attachment, Entry, Replication, Biosynthesis, Assembly, Building of
Emergence, Repeat
-Qualities Of Life - -Living things are organized, acquire materials, reproduce, respond to
stimuli, are homeostatic, grow and develop, have the capacity to adapt.
Individuals do not evolve.
-Biosphere - -The sum of all life
-Tissue - -a group of cells that perform a particular function
-Metabolism - -all of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell
-Photosynthesis - -process that transforms solar energy into the chemical energy
-Energy - -capacity to do work
-Systematics - -study of the evolutionary relationships between organisms
-Basic Classifications (most inclusive to lease species) - -Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Order,
Class, Family, Genus, and Species
-The 3 Domains - -The largest classification category.
1. Archaea
2. Bacteria
, -Both are prokaryotes.
3. Eukarya (4 kingdoms)
-Taxonomy - -Discipline of identifying and grouping organisms according to certain rules
-Prokatyotes - -lack the membrane bound nucleus found in the cells of eukaryotes in
domain eukarya (found in nucleus)
-Kingdoms - -Eukaryotes -
protists, fungi, plants, animals
-Protists - -Single Celled Organisms, fewer multicellular species
-Fungi - -Familiar molds and mushrooms that help decompose dead organisms
-Plants - -multicellular photosynthesizers
-Animals - -multicellular and ingest food
-Law - -a description of a pattern in nature
-Law of Gravity - -objects with mass attracted to each other
-Law of Evolution - -life on earth has changed
-Theory - -Explanation as to why a pattern (law) exists
-Predictive Hypothesis - -Based on theories. Describes what we should see in an
experiment to help us support or refute a theory.
-2 Types of Scientific Method - -1. Inductive Reasoning - makes generalization based on
collecting and analyzing large numbers of specific observations. (specific to general)
2. Deductive Reasoning - flows from general premises to predicted and specific rules. (if,
then)
Example: "Since humans are organisms they are made up of cells." (general to specific)
-Viral Replication - -Hijack a host cell and Manufacture.
1. Attachment; Recognize host cell
2. Entry; RNA/DNA enters cell
3. Replication; They replicate
4. Biosynthesis; manufactures pieces to build viruses
5. Assembly; new viruses emerge
6. Budding; host cell dies
-Experimental Variable - -Independent Variable; factor of the experiment being tested.
Emergent Properties - -a property that a complex system has but the individual members
of the system do not.
example: saltiness, because NaCl is salty not Na or Cl.
-all aspects of life contain emergent properties.
-Viruses - -cellular nonliving structures that require a living cell to reproduce (obligate
parasites).
single celled, has an outer capsid that protects nucleic acid core (RNA) , and requires a host
cell to reproduce. have the ability to reproduce, adapt, are organized, respond to stimuli,
and acquire energy and materials.
-2 Main Components of Viruses - -Capsid - outer portion comprised of proteins
Nucleic Acid Core (DNA or RNA)
-Virus Life Cycle - -Attachment, Entry, Replication, Biosynthesis, Assembly, Building of
Emergence, Repeat
-Qualities Of Life - -Living things are organized, acquire materials, reproduce, respond to
stimuli, are homeostatic, grow and develop, have the capacity to adapt.
Individuals do not evolve.
-Biosphere - -The sum of all life
-Tissue - -a group of cells that perform a particular function
-Metabolism - -all of the chemical reactions that occur in a cell
-Photosynthesis - -process that transforms solar energy into the chemical energy
-Energy - -capacity to do work
-Systematics - -study of the evolutionary relationships between organisms
-Basic Classifications (most inclusive to lease species) - -Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Order,
Class, Family, Genus, and Species
-The 3 Domains - -The largest classification category.
1. Archaea
2. Bacteria
, -Both are prokaryotes.
3. Eukarya (4 kingdoms)
-Taxonomy - -Discipline of identifying and grouping organisms according to certain rules
-Prokatyotes - -lack the membrane bound nucleus found in the cells of eukaryotes in
domain eukarya (found in nucleus)
-Kingdoms - -Eukaryotes -
protists, fungi, plants, animals
-Protists - -Single Celled Organisms, fewer multicellular species
-Fungi - -Familiar molds and mushrooms that help decompose dead organisms
-Plants - -multicellular photosynthesizers
-Animals - -multicellular and ingest food
-Law - -a description of a pattern in nature
-Law of Gravity - -objects with mass attracted to each other
-Law of Evolution - -life on earth has changed
-Theory - -Explanation as to why a pattern (law) exists
-Predictive Hypothesis - -Based on theories. Describes what we should see in an
experiment to help us support or refute a theory.
-2 Types of Scientific Method - -1. Inductive Reasoning - makes generalization based on
collecting and analyzing large numbers of specific observations. (specific to general)
2. Deductive Reasoning - flows from general premises to predicted and specific rules. (if,
then)
Example: "Since humans are organisms they are made up of cells." (general to specific)
-Viral Replication - -Hijack a host cell and Manufacture.
1. Attachment; Recognize host cell
2. Entry; RNA/DNA enters cell
3. Replication; They replicate
4. Biosynthesis; manufactures pieces to build viruses
5. Assembly; new viruses emerge
6. Budding; host cell dies
-Experimental Variable - -Independent Variable; factor of the experiment being tested.
