GEO793 Final Exam Questions And
Answers Graded A+ 2025-2026
1. Who were two key figures associated with the rise of neoliberalism during the 1980s?
a) Mike Harris and Mel Lastman
b) Pierre Trudeau and Bill Davis
c) Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher
d) Dalton McGuinty and Rob Ford
Correct Answer Answer: c) Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher
2. Which policy is most closely associated with the neoliberal push for reduced social
spending in Canada during the 1990s?
a) Universal Child Care
b) Workfare programs
c) Guaranteed Income Supplement
d) Public Transit Expansion
Correct Answer Answer: b) Workfare programs
3. The Safe Streets Act in Toronto, enacted in 1999, primarily targeted:
a) Tax evasion
b) Streetlevel crime and homelessness
c) Public transportation funding
d) Zoning reform
Correct Answer Answer: b) Streetlevel crime and homelessness
4. Who was the first mayor of the amalgamated City of Toronto in 1998?
a) Rob Ford
b) David Miller
c) Mel Lastman
d) John Tory
Correct Answer Answer: c) Mel Lastman
5. Which Toronto mayoral candidate popularized the phrase “stop the gravy train” in the
early 2000s?
a) Mel Lastman
b) Rob Ford
c) David Miller
d) Barbara Hall
Correct Answer Answer: b) Rob Ford
,6. The 1998 Toronto amalgamation combined how many municipalities?
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
Correct Answer Answer: c) 5
7. Urban voter divides in Toronto often highlight tensions between:
a) Downtown vs. provincial governments
b) Suburban homeowners vs. innercity renters
c) Private schools vs. public schools
d) Public transit users vs. drivers
Correct Answer Answer: b) Suburban homeowners vs. innercity renters
8. R.A. Walks’ study in BeachesEast York examined:
a) Housing affordability and exchange value
b) Public transit efficiency
c) Environmental zoning laws
d) Federalprovincial fiscal transfers
Correct Answer Answer: a) Housing affordability and exchange value
9. Which urban form characteristic did Walks find influenced the value of local retail and
housing?
a) Street connectivity and density
b) Number of highrise buildings only
c) Proximity to airports
d) Waterfront access exclusively
Correct Answer Answer: a) Street connectivity and density
10.A key outcome of neoliberal policies in Toronto included:
a) Expansion of welfare programs
b) Tax cuts for highincome earners
c) Mandatory public housing quotas
d) Nationalization of utilities
Correct Answer Answer: b) Tax cuts for highincome earners
11.The 2003 Toronto mayoral election resulted in which of the following outcomes?
a) Mel Lastman reelected
b) David Miller elected
c) Rob Ford elected
d) Barbara Hall elected
Correct Answer Answer: b) David Miller
, 12.Which phrase best describes a central principle of neoliberal urban governance?
a) Stateled redistribution
b) Privatization and market efficiency
c) Universal healthcare expansion
d) Communityled zoning
Correct Answer Answer: b) Privatization and market efficiency
13.Workfare programs typically require recipients to:
a) Volunteer in community arts
b) Engage in paid employment
c) Participate in governmentapproved work or training
d) Attend university courses
Correct Answer Answer: c) Participate in governmentapproved work or training
14.Which Toronto ward historically exhibited higher resistance to privatization initiatives?
a) ScarboroughEast
b) BeachesEast York
c) Etobicoke North
d) North York Centre
Correct Answer Answer: b) BeachesEast York
15.Walks’ analysis of housing markets emphasized the tension between:
a) Land use planning and environmental law
b) Exchange value and use value
c) Public transport expansion and highway development
d) Federal grants and municipal budgeting
Correct Answer Answer: b) Exchange value and use value
16.Rob Ford’s approach to urban governance was most closely associated with:
a) Expansion of social housing
b) Lawandorder rhetoric and fiscal restraint
c) Environmental protection policies
d) Public transit investment
Correct Answer Answer: b) Lawandorder rhetoric and fiscal restraint
17.Which policy reflected neoliberal influence on municipal governance in the late 1990s?
a) Increased property taxes
b) Cuts to social services
c) Expansion of public schools
d) Rent control
Correct Answer Answer: b) Cuts to social services
18.In R.A. Walks’ BeachesEast York study, the local retail landscape was influenced by:
a) Federal investment in highways
Answers Graded A+ 2025-2026
1. Who were two key figures associated with the rise of neoliberalism during the 1980s?
a) Mike Harris and Mel Lastman
b) Pierre Trudeau and Bill Davis
c) Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher
d) Dalton McGuinty and Rob Ford
Correct Answer Answer: c) Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher
2. Which policy is most closely associated with the neoliberal push for reduced social
spending in Canada during the 1990s?
a) Universal Child Care
b) Workfare programs
c) Guaranteed Income Supplement
d) Public Transit Expansion
Correct Answer Answer: b) Workfare programs
3. The Safe Streets Act in Toronto, enacted in 1999, primarily targeted:
a) Tax evasion
b) Streetlevel crime and homelessness
c) Public transportation funding
d) Zoning reform
Correct Answer Answer: b) Streetlevel crime and homelessness
4. Who was the first mayor of the amalgamated City of Toronto in 1998?
a) Rob Ford
b) David Miller
c) Mel Lastman
d) John Tory
Correct Answer Answer: c) Mel Lastman
5. Which Toronto mayoral candidate popularized the phrase “stop the gravy train” in the
early 2000s?
a) Mel Lastman
b) Rob Ford
c) David Miller
d) Barbara Hall
Correct Answer Answer: b) Rob Ford
,6. The 1998 Toronto amalgamation combined how many municipalities?
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6
Correct Answer Answer: c) 5
7. Urban voter divides in Toronto often highlight tensions between:
a) Downtown vs. provincial governments
b) Suburban homeowners vs. innercity renters
c) Private schools vs. public schools
d) Public transit users vs. drivers
Correct Answer Answer: b) Suburban homeowners vs. innercity renters
8. R.A. Walks’ study in BeachesEast York examined:
a) Housing affordability and exchange value
b) Public transit efficiency
c) Environmental zoning laws
d) Federalprovincial fiscal transfers
Correct Answer Answer: a) Housing affordability and exchange value
9. Which urban form characteristic did Walks find influenced the value of local retail and
housing?
a) Street connectivity and density
b) Number of highrise buildings only
c) Proximity to airports
d) Waterfront access exclusively
Correct Answer Answer: a) Street connectivity and density
10.A key outcome of neoliberal policies in Toronto included:
a) Expansion of welfare programs
b) Tax cuts for highincome earners
c) Mandatory public housing quotas
d) Nationalization of utilities
Correct Answer Answer: b) Tax cuts for highincome earners
11.The 2003 Toronto mayoral election resulted in which of the following outcomes?
a) Mel Lastman reelected
b) David Miller elected
c) Rob Ford elected
d) Barbara Hall elected
Correct Answer Answer: b) David Miller
, 12.Which phrase best describes a central principle of neoliberal urban governance?
a) Stateled redistribution
b) Privatization and market efficiency
c) Universal healthcare expansion
d) Communityled zoning
Correct Answer Answer: b) Privatization and market efficiency
13.Workfare programs typically require recipients to:
a) Volunteer in community arts
b) Engage in paid employment
c) Participate in governmentapproved work or training
d) Attend university courses
Correct Answer Answer: c) Participate in governmentapproved work or training
14.Which Toronto ward historically exhibited higher resistance to privatization initiatives?
a) ScarboroughEast
b) BeachesEast York
c) Etobicoke North
d) North York Centre
Correct Answer Answer: b) BeachesEast York
15.Walks’ analysis of housing markets emphasized the tension between:
a) Land use planning and environmental law
b) Exchange value and use value
c) Public transport expansion and highway development
d) Federal grants and municipal budgeting
Correct Answer Answer: b) Exchange value and use value
16.Rob Ford’s approach to urban governance was most closely associated with:
a) Expansion of social housing
b) Lawandorder rhetoric and fiscal restraint
c) Environmental protection policies
d) Public transit investment
Correct Answer Answer: b) Lawandorder rhetoric and fiscal restraint
17.Which policy reflected neoliberal influence on municipal governance in the late 1990s?
a) Increased property taxes
b) Cuts to social services
c) Expansion of public schools
d) Rent control
Correct Answer Answer: b) Cuts to social services
18.In R.A. Walks’ BeachesEast York study, the local retail landscape was influenced by:
a) Federal investment in highways
