BIO 253 HONDROS TEST 1 REVIEW
PART 1 EXAM QUESTIONS &
UPDATED CORRECT ANSWERS
Anatomy - CORRECT ANSWER Study of structure of an organism and the relationship of its
parts. Types of anatomy: gross anatomy, microscopic, developmental, pathological, systemic
Physiology - CORRECT ANSWER science that deals with the functions of the living organism and
its parts. How the body works
Characteristics of life - CORRECT ANSWER Responsiveness, conductivity, Growth, Respiration,
Digestion, Absorption, Secretion, Excretion, Circulation, Reproduction
Responsiveness - CORRECT ANSWER Ability of an organism to sense, monitor and respond to
changes in both its internal and external environments
Conductivity - CORRECT ANSWER Capacity of living cells to transmit a wave of electrical
disturbance from one point to another within the body
Growth - CORRECT ANSWER Organized increase in the size and number of cells and therefore
an increase in size of the individual or a particular organ or part
Respiration - CORRECT ANSWER Exchange of respiratory gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide)
between an organism and its environment
Digestion - CORRECT ANSWER process by which complex food products are broken down into
simpler substances that can be absorbed and used by individual body cells
,Absorption - CORRECT ANSWER movement of molecules, such as respiratory gases or digested
nutrients, through a membrane and into the body fluids for transport to cells for use
Secretion - CORRECT ANSWER production and release of important substances, such as
digestive juices and hormones, for diverse body functions
Excretion - CORRECT ANSWER removal of waste products from the body
Circulation - CORRECT ANSWER movement of body fluids containing many substances from one
body area to another in a continuous, circular route through hollow vessels
Reproduction - CORRECT ANSWER formation of new individual offspring
autopoiesis - CORRECT ANSWER living organisms are self-organizing or self-maintaining and
nonliving structures are not.
cell theory - CORRECT ANSWER any independent structure made up of one or more
microscopic units called cells is a living organism
metabolism - CORRECT ANSWER each characteristic of life is related to the sum total of all the
physical and chemical reactions occurring in the body
levels of organization - CORRECT ANSWER atom--molecule--macromolecules--organelle--cell--
tissue--organ--organ system--organism
atom - CORRECT ANSWER tiny spheres of matter, every material thing in the universe, including
the human body is composed of atoms. Combinations of atoms form larger chemical groupings
, molecules - CORRECT ANSWER combos of atoms that form larger chemical groupings
macromolecules - CORRECT ANSWER molecules in combination with other atoms form these
larger and more complex chemicals
cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER atoms, molecules and macromolecules in living material form
this gel like material made of fluids, particles and membranes--the essential material of human
life
organelles - CORRECT ANSWER a structure made of molecules organized in such a way that it
can perform a specific function. Tiny organs that all each cell to live. Cannot survive outside the
cell, but without organelles the cell could not survive.
Types of organelles - CORRECT ANSWER Mitochondria-power house of cells that provide energy
needed by the cell to carry out day-to-day functioning, growth and repair.
Golgi apparatus-set of sacs that provide "packaging" service to cells by storing material for
future internal use or for export from the cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum--network of channels within the cell that act as "highways" for the
movement of chemicals and as sites for chemical processing
cellular level - CORRECT ANSWER cells are the smallest and most numerous structural units that
possess and exhibit the basic characteristics of living matter. Each cell is surrounded by a
membrane and a single nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm that includes the numerous
organelles required for the normal processes of living
tissue level - CORRECT ANSWER a group of a great many similar cells that all developed
together from the same part of the embryo and all perform a certain function. Tissue cells are
surrounded by varying amounts and kinds of nonliving intercellular substances, or the matrix
Four major principal tissue types - CORRECT ANSWER epithelial, connective, muscle and
nervous
PART 1 EXAM QUESTIONS &
UPDATED CORRECT ANSWERS
Anatomy - CORRECT ANSWER Study of structure of an organism and the relationship of its
parts. Types of anatomy: gross anatomy, microscopic, developmental, pathological, systemic
Physiology - CORRECT ANSWER science that deals with the functions of the living organism and
its parts. How the body works
Characteristics of life - CORRECT ANSWER Responsiveness, conductivity, Growth, Respiration,
Digestion, Absorption, Secretion, Excretion, Circulation, Reproduction
Responsiveness - CORRECT ANSWER Ability of an organism to sense, monitor and respond to
changes in both its internal and external environments
Conductivity - CORRECT ANSWER Capacity of living cells to transmit a wave of electrical
disturbance from one point to another within the body
Growth - CORRECT ANSWER Organized increase in the size and number of cells and therefore
an increase in size of the individual or a particular organ or part
Respiration - CORRECT ANSWER Exchange of respiratory gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide)
between an organism and its environment
Digestion - CORRECT ANSWER process by which complex food products are broken down into
simpler substances that can be absorbed and used by individual body cells
,Absorption - CORRECT ANSWER movement of molecules, such as respiratory gases or digested
nutrients, through a membrane and into the body fluids for transport to cells for use
Secretion - CORRECT ANSWER production and release of important substances, such as
digestive juices and hormones, for diverse body functions
Excretion - CORRECT ANSWER removal of waste products from the body
Circulation - CORRECT ANSWER movement of body fluids containing many substances from one
body area to another in a continuous, circular route through hollow vessels
Reproduction - CORRECT ANSWER formation of new individual offspring
autopoiesis - CORRECT ANSWER living organisms are self-organizing or self-maintaining and
nonliving structures are not.
cell theory - CORRECT ANSWER any independent structure made up of one or more
microscopic units called cells is a living organism
metabolism - CORRECT ANSWER each characteristic of life is related to the sum total of all the
physical and chemical reactions occurring in the body
levels of organization - CORRECT ANSWER atom--molecule--macromolecules--organelle--cell--
tissue--organ--organ system--organism
atom - CORRECT ANSWER tiny spheres of matter, every material thing in the universe, including
the human body is composed of atoms. Combinations of atoms form larger chemical groupings
, molecules - CORRECT ANSWER combos of atoms that form larger chemical groupings
macromolecules - CORRECT ANSWER molecules in combination with other atoms form these
larger and more complex chemicals
cytoplasm - CORRECT ANSWER atoms, molecules and macromolecules in living material form
this gel like material made of fluids, particles and membranes--the essential material of human
life
organelles - CORRECT ANSWER a structure made of molecules organized in such a way that it
can perform a specific function. Tiny organs that all each cell to live. Cannot survive outside the
cell, but without organelles the cell could not survive.
Types of organelles - CORRECT ANSWER Mitochondria-power house of cells that provide energy
needed by the cell to carry out day-to-day functioning, growth and repair.
Golgi apparatus-set of sacs that provide "packaging" service to cells by storing material for
future internal use or for export from the cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum--network of channels within the cell that act as "highways" for the
movement of chemicals and as sites for chemical processing
cellular level - CORRECT ANSWER cells are the smallest and most numerous structural units that
possess and exhibit the basic characteristics of living matter. Each cell is surrounded by a
membrane and a single nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm that includes the numerous
organelles required for the normal processes of living
tissue level - CORRECT ANSWER a group of a great many similar cells that all developed
together from the same part of the embryo and all perform a certain function. Tissue cells are
surrounded by varying amounts and kinds of nonliving intercellular substances, or the matrix
Four major principal tissue types - CORRECT ANSWER epithelial, connective, muscle and
nervous
