Poisoning & First Aid Management
Nursing Notes
Description:
Detailed and easy-to-understand notes on poisoning, including types,
causes, signs, symptoms, and first aid management. Perfect for
nursing students, first aid learners, and emergency care preparation.
Includes:
• Definition and types of poisoning
• Causes and common sources
• Signs and symptoms of poisoning
• General principles of management
• First aid for ingestion, inhalation, injection, and contact
poisoning
• Nursing responsibilities and preventive measures
Highlights:
• Well-organized and clear explanations
• Great for First Aid, Med-Surg, and Toxicology topics
• Ideal for exam review, and emergency training
Subject: Nursing / First Aid / Emergency & Toxicology
Best for: BSN & Diploma Nursing Students, First Aid Trainees, and
Health Science Learners
, Poisoning
Q. Define poison.
Definition of poison:
A poison is any substance that causes harm if it gets into the body. Harm can be
mild (e.g. headache or a) or severe (e.g. fits or very high fever) and severely
poisoned people may die.
Or
A poison is any substance, solid, liquid or gas, which when taken into the body in
sufficient amount may damage health or even destroy life.
Or
A poison is a substance when taken into the body, produces serious effect of death.
Q. Write classification of poison.
Answer:
Classification of poisons:
A. According to Morphology: It is three types -
1. Irritants poisons.
2. Narcotics poisons.
3. Corrosive poisons.
1. Irritants poisons: Irritant poisons act on the alimentary tract causing irritation
and inflammation.
a. Contaminated tinned food: Contaminated tinned food or fish and meat
pastes, made up foods, such as sausages, potted meat and head.
b. Poisons barriers or fungi: Toads eel which may be ingested in mistake for
mushrooms.
, c. Chemical substances: For example: arsenic, mercury, phosphorous, iodine,
lead etc.
2. Narcotics poisons: Narcotics poisons act on the nervous system. Their effects
can be varied -
a. They can act as hypnotics: Hypnotics induce sleep and unconsciousness.
e.g. Opiu, morphine, heroin, cocaine.
b. They can act as delirients: e.g.- Bella donna and atropine.
c. They can act as convulsions.
3. Corrosive poisons (may be acid on alkaline reaction): Acid corrosive are
sulphuric, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and acetic acid. Alkaline corrosive are
caustic soda, caustic potash and ammonia.
B. According to Path way of poisoning: It is four types -
1. Through the lungs: Breathing - Poisonous gases or fames, inhaled poison
e.g. - Carbon monoxide, anesthetic agent, CO₂.
2. By the mouth: Swallowing or ingested poison.
3. Absorption: Through the skin.
4. Injected: Under the skin. e.g. - Narcotics, Sedatives.
Q. Write down the causes of poisoning.
Q. Write down the common causes of poisoning in Bangladesh.
Answer:
Causes of poisoning:
A. Accident:
1. Organophosphorus (OPC) and carbamate insecticides.
, 2. Diazepam poisoning.
3. Snake poisoning.
4. Datura poisoning.
5. Kerosin poisoning.
6. Herpic poisoning.
7. Alcohol poisoning.
8. Paracetamol poisoning.
9. Opiates poisoning.
10. Amitriptyline poisoning
B. Suicide.
C. Murder. Killing a person by another Person.
Q. Write down the effects of poisons?
Answer:
Effects of poisoning:
A. Local effects:
1. On the skin:
➢ Reddening or rash.
➢ Pain.
➢ Swelling.
➢ Blister.
➢ Serious burns.
➢ Itching.
2. On the eyes:
➢ Severe pain.
➢ Redness and watering.
, ➢ Burning of the surface of eye.
➢ Scarring of cornea and blindness.
3. Inside the gut:
➢ Abdominal pain.
➢ Vomiting and diarrhea.
➢ Hematemesis and melaena.
➢ Erosion inside the mouth and gut.
4. Inside the air passages and lungs:
➢ Irritation of nose, throat and upper passages.
➢ Coughing and choking.
➢ Damage of lung.
➢ Pulmonary oedema.
5. At injection sites:
➢ Pain.
➢ Swelling.
B. Systemic effects:
1. Damaging organs such as: The brain, nerves, heart, liver, lungs, kidneys,
skin. The organs that are most affected are called the target organs.
2. Blocking messages between nerves.
3. Stopping the body working properly. e.g. by blocking energy supply or
oxygen supply.
Q. Write down the common sign and symptoms of poisoning.
Answer:
Common sign and symptoms of poisoning:
Acute signs and symptoms of poisoning may be delayed for hours. The following
may be indications of poisoning:
, 1. Severe nausea, vomiting or diarrhea.
2. Seizures, twitching or paralysis.
3. Decreased level of consciousness or unconsciousness.
4. Restlessness, delirium agitation or panic.
6. Skin color changes: Pale flushed or cyanotic skin.
5. Abnormal constriction or dilation of the pupil.
7. Signs of burns, oedema around mouth or other areas of body.
8. Pain on swallowing, tenderness, cramps.
9. Characterize odor on the breath.
10. Unusual urine color (red, green, bright yellow, black).
11. Skin irritation erythema or oedema.
12. Shock or cardiac arrest.
Q. Write down the aim of first aid treatment of poison.
Q. Why will you give first aid treatment of poisonous patient.
Answer:
Aim of first aid treatment in poisoning:
1. To remove or counteract the effect of the poison.
2. To send for medical.
3. To arrange transport to hospital as quickly in cases of poisoning and hospital
treatment is frequently essential.
4. To identify the poison. All contains medicine bottles empty glasses or
remains of food should be kept for the doctor’s inspection.
5. If death occurs the police must be informed and nothing in the vicinity of the
body touched or moved until their arrival.
Q. Write down the first aid management of poisoning patient. (How will you
manage a poisonous patient?
Nursing Notes
Description:
Detailed and easy-to-understand notes on poisoning, including types,
causes, signs, symptoms, and first aid management. Perfect for
nursing students, first aid learners, and emergency care preparation.
Includes:
• Definition and types of poisoning
• Causes and common sources
• Signs and symptoms of poisoning
• General principles of management
• First aid for ingestion, inhalation, injection, and contact
poisoning
• Nursing responsibilities and preventive measures
Highlights:
• Well-organized and clear explanations
• Great for First Aid, Med-Surg, and Toxicology topics
• Ideal for exam review, and emergency training
Subject: Nursing / First Aid / Emergency & Toxicology
Best for: BSN & Diploma Nursing Students, First Aid Trainees, and
Health Science Learners
, Poisoning
Q. Define poison.
Definition of poison:
A poison is any substance that causes harm if it gets into the body. Harm can be
mild (e.g. headache or a) or severe (e.g. fits or very high fever) and severely
poisoned people may die.
Or
A poison is any substance, solid, liquid or gas, which when taken into the body in
sufficient amount may damage health or even destroy life.
Or
A poison is a substance when taken into the body, produces serious effect of death.
Q. Write classification of poison.
Answer:
Classification of poisons:
A. According to Morphology: It is three types -
1. Irritants poisons.
2. Narcotics poisons.
3. Corrosive poisons.
1. Irritants poisons: Irritant poisons act on the alimentary tract causing irritation
and inflammation.
a. Contaminated tinned food: Contaminated tinned food or fish and meat
pastes, made up foods, such as sausages, potted meat and head.
b. Poisons barriers or fungi: Toads eel which may be ingested in mistake for
mushrooms.
, c. Chemical substances: For example: arsenic, mercury, phosphorous, iodine,
lead etc.
2. Narcotics poisons: Narcotics poisons act on the nervous system. Their effects
can be varied -
a. They can act as hypnotics: Hypnotics induce sleep and unconsciousness.
e.g. Opiu, morphine, heroin, cocaine.
b. They can act as delirients: e.g.- Bella donna and atropine.
c. They can act as convulsions.
3. Corrosive poisons (may be acid on alkaline reaction): Acid corrosive are
sulphuric, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and acetic acid. Alkaline corrosive are
caustic soda, caustic potash and ammonia.
B. According to Path way of poisoning: It is four types -
1. Through the lungs: Breathing - Poisonous gases or fames, inhaled poison
e.g. - Carbon monoxide, anesthetic agent, CO₂.
2. By the mouth: Swallowing or ingested poison.
3. Absorption: Through the skin.
4. Injected: Under the skin. e.g. - Narcotics, Sedatives.
Q. Write down the causes of poisoning.
Q. Write down the common causes of poisoning in Bangladesh.
Answer:
Causes of poisoning:
A. Accident:
1. Organophosphorus (OPC) and carbamate insecticides.
, 2. Diazepam poisoning.
3. Snake poisoning.
4. Datura poisoning.
5. Kerosin poisoning.
6. Herpic poisoning.
7. Alcohol poisoning.
8. Paracetamol poisoning.
9. Opiates poisoning.
10. Amitriptyline poisoning
B. Suicide.
C. Murder. Killing a person by another Person.
Q. Write down the effects of poisons?
Answer:
Effects of poisoning:
A. Local effects:
1. On the skin:
➢ Reddening or rash.
➢ Pain.
➢ Swelling.
➢ Blister.
➢ Serious burns.
➢ Itching.
2. On the eyes:
➢ Severe pain.
➢ Redness and watering.
, ➢ Burning of the surface of eye.
➢ Scarring of cornea and blindness.
3. Inside the gut:
➢ Abdominal pain.
➢ Vomiting and diarrhea.
➢ Hematemesis and melaena.
➢ Erosion inside the mouth and gut.
4. Inside the air passages and lungs:
➢ Irritation of nose, throat and upper passages.
➢ Coughing and choking.
➢ Damage of lung.
➢ Pulmonary oedema.
5. At injection sites:
➢ Pain.
➢ Swelling.
B. Systemic effects:
1. Damaging organs such as: The brain, nerves, heart, liver, lungs, kidneys,
skin. The organs that are most affected are called the target organs.
2. Blocking messages between nerves.
3. Stopping the body working properly. e.g. by blocking energy supply or
oxygen supply.
Q. Write down the common sign and symptoms of poisoning.
Answer:
Common sign and symptoms of poisoning:
Acute signs and symptoms of poisoning may be delayed for hours. The following
may be indications of poisoning:
, 1. Severe nausea, vomiting or diarrhea.
2. Seizures, twitching or paralysis.
3. Decreased level of consciousness or unconsciousness.
4. Restlessness, delirium agitation or panic.
6. Skin color changes: Pale flushed or cyanotic skin.
5. Abnormal constriction or dilation of the pupil.
7. Signs of burns, oedema around mouth or other areas of body.
8. Pain on swallowing, tenderness, cramps.
9. Characterize odor on the breath.
10. Unusual urine color (red, green, bright yellow, black).
11. Skin irritation erythema or oedema.
12. Shock or cardiac arrest.
Q. Write down the aim of first aid treatment of poison.
Q. Why will you give first aid treatment of poisonous patient.
Answer:
Aim of first aid treatment in poisoning:
1. To remove or counteract the effect of the poison.
2. To send for medical.
3. To arrange transport to hospital as quickly in cases of poisoning and hospital
treatment is frequently essential.
4. To identify the poison. All contains medicine bottles empty glasses or
remains of food should be kept for the doctor’s inspection.
5. If death occurs the police must be informed and nothing in the vicinity of the
body touched or moved until their arrival.
Q. Write down the first aid management of poisoning patient. (How will you
manage a poisonous patient?
