Essential items for a cannula tray:
1. Sterile gloves (appropriate size)
2. IV cannulas (of various sizes — usually 18G, 20G, 22G, etc.)
3. Tourniquet
4. Alcohol swabs or chlorhexidine wipes (for skin antisepsis)
5. Sterile gauze (for wiping or dabbing blood)
6. Adhesive dressing/tape (to secure the cannula in place)
7. Syringes (usually 5ml or 10ml)
8. Saline flush (to check for patency of the vein)
9. Needle disposal container (for safe disposal of used needles)
10. IV extension set or IV line (to connect the cannula to IV fluids)
11. Tegaderm or transparent dressing (to cover and protect the insertion site)
12. Scissors (to cut tape if necessary)
13. Label (to document time and date of cannula insertion)
14. Disposable pad (to protect surfaces from contamination)
15. Sharps container (for needle disposal)
Dementia is the loss of cognitive functioning — thinking, remembering, and
reasoning —
to such an extent that it interferes with a person's daily life and activities. Some
people
with dementia cannot control their emotions, and their personalities may change.
ALT(SGPT)
In a blood test, ALT (Alanine Transaminase), formerly known as SGPT
(Serum Glutamic-Pyruvic Transaminase),
measures the amount of the enzyme ALT in your blood,
which is primarily found in liver cells; elevated levels can
indicate liver damage or disease.
What ALT (SGPT)
,ALT is an enzyme that plays a role in the liver's function of converting food into energy.
Why it's measured:
Doctors order an ALT test to assess liver health and detect potential damage or disease.
How it works:
When liver cells are damaged, they release ALT into the bloodstream,
leading to higher levels detectable in a blood test.
What elevated levels mean:
High ALT levels can indicate liver damage, inflammation, or disease, such as hepatitis,
alcohol-related liver disease, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Other names:
ALT is also referred to as Alanine aminotransferase (ALT),
Serum Glutamic-Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT), GPT, or Alanine Transaminase.
Frailty syndrome: is a geriatric syndrome characterized by a decline in
physiological reserves and increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes,
often seen in older adults, and is associated with increased risk of falls, disability, and mortality.
Routes of medication administration
Enteral routes (through the digestive system):
1. Oral (PO): Swallowed and absorbed through the stomach or intestines.
2. Sublingual (SL): Placed under the tongue for rapid absorption.
3. Buccal: Placed between the cheek and gum for direct absorption into the bloodstream.
4. Rectal (PR): Inserted into the rectum, often for patients who can't take oral meds.
Parenteral routes (bypassing the digestive system):
1. Intravenous (IV): Directly into the bloodstream for immediate effect.
2. Intramuscular (IM): Injected into the muscle for faster absorption than oral but slower than IV.
3. Subcutaneous (SC/SQ): Injected under the skin for slow, steady absorption.
4. Intradermal (ID): Just beneath the skin, often for allergy testing or TB tests.
🌬 Topical and inhalation routes:
1. Transdermal: Applied to the skin via patches for systemic absorption (e.g., nicotine patch).
2. Inhalation: Breathed into the lungs (e.g., asthma inhalers).
3. Nasal: Sprayed into the nostrils for local or systemic effect.
Other routes:
, 1. Ophthalmic: Administered into the eye (drops, ointments).
2. Otic: Into the ear (drops).
3. Vaginal: Inserted into the vagina (suppositories, creams).
FBS and RBS
FBS stands for Fasting Blood Sugar, a blood test measuring glucose
levels after an overnight fast, while RBS stands for Random Blood Sugar,
a test that measures blood glucose at any time, regardless of when you last ate.
Gastroparesis
Overview
Gastroparesis is a condition in which the muscles in the stomach don't move food
as they should for it to be digested.
1. Sterile gloves (appropriate size)
2. IV cannulas (of various sizes — usually 18G, 20G, 22G, etc.)
3. Tourniquet
4. Alcohol swabs or chlorhexidine wipes (for skin antisepsis)
5. Sterile gauze (for wiping or dabbing blood)
6. Adhesive dressing/tape (to secure the cannula in place)
7. Syringes (usually 5ml or 10ml)
8. Saline flush (to check for patency of the vein)
9. Needle disposal container (for safe disposal of used needles)
10. IV extension set or IV line (to connect the cannula to IV fluids)
11. Tegaderm or transparent dressing (to cover and protect the insertion site)
12. Scissors (to cut tape if necessary)
13. Label (to document time and date of cannula insertion)
14. Disposable pad (to protect surfaces from contamination)
15. Sharps container (for needle disposal)
Dementia is the loss of cognitive functioning — thinking, remembering, and
reasoning —
to such an extent that it interferes with a person's daily life and activities. Some
people
with dementia cannot control their emotions, and their personalities may change.
ALT(SGPT)
In a blood test, ALT (Alanine Transaminase), formerly known as SGPT
(Serum Glutamic-Pyruvic Transaminase),
measures the amount of the enzyme ALT in your blood,
which is primarily found in liver cells; elevated levels can
indicate liver damage or disease.
What ALT (SGPT)
,ALT is an enzyme that plays a role in the liver's function of converting food into energy.
Why it's measured:
Doctors order an ALT test to assess liver health and detect potential damage or disease.
How it works:
When liver cells are damaged, they release ALT into the bloodstream,
leading to higher levels detectable in a blood test.
What elevated levels mean:
High ALT levels can indicate liver damage, inflammation, or disease, such as hepatitis,
alcohol-related liver disease, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
Other names:
ALT is also referred to as Alanine aminotransferase (ALT),
Serum Glutamic-Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT), GPT, or Alanine Transaminase.
Frailty syndrome: is a geriatric syndrome characterized by a decline in
physiological reserves and increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes,
often seen in older adults, and is associated with increased risk of falls, disability, and mortality.
Routes of medication administration
Enteral routes (through the digestive system):
1. Oral (PO): Swallowed and absorbed through the stomach or intestines.
2. Sublingual (SL): Placed under the tongue for rapid absorption.
3. Buccal: Placed between the cheek and gum for direct absorption into the bloodstream.
4. Rectal (PR): Inserted into the rectum, often for patients who can't take oral meds.
Parenteral routes (bypassing the digestive system):
1. Intravenous (IV): Directly into the bloodstream for immediate effect.
2. Intramuscular (IM): Injected into the muscle for faster absorption than oral but slower than IV.
3. Subcutaneous (SC/SQ): Injected under the skin for slow, steady absorption.
4. Intradermal (ID): Just beneath the skin, often for allergy testing or TB tests.
🌬 Topical and inhalation routes:
1. Transdermal: Applied to the skin via patches for systemic absorption (e.g., nicotine patch).
2. Inhalation: Breathed into the lungs (e.g., asthma inhalers).
3. Nasal: Sprayed into the nostrils for local or systemic effect.
Other routes:
, 1. Ophthalmic: Administered into the eye (drops, ointments).
2. Otic: Into the ear (drops).
3. Vaginal: Inserted into the vagina (suppositories, creams).
FBS and RBS
FBS stands for Fasting Blood Sugar, a blood test measuring glucose
levels after an overnight fast, while RBS stands for Random Blood Sugar,
a test that measures blood glucose at any time, regardless of when you last ate.
Gastroparesis
Overview
Gastroparesis is a condition in which the muscles in the stomach don't move food
as they should for it to be digested.
