NYSTCE Educating All Students (EAS)
Exam-Graded A
Behaviorism - ANS-people's actions are driven by a need to gain rewards or avoid
punishments.
Reinforcement - ANS-meant to increase a good behavior; a reward
Punishment - ANS-meant to decrease bad behavior
Positive reinforcement - ANS-involves giving someone something that he or she wants
Negative reinforcement - ANS-taking away something that someone does not want
Positive punishment - ANS-involves giving someone something that he or she does not
want
Negative punishment - ANS-involves taking away something that someone does want
Extinction - ANS-decreases the chances of a response to something by withdrawing
reinforcement of the behavior; like a reset button
Constructivism - ANS-a philosophy of education that says that people construct
knowledge through their experiences and interactions with the world
Social learning - ANS-learning through interactions with other people
Vyogtsky's Zone of Proximal Development - ANS-people learn best from other people
who are just a little ahead of them
Project-based learning (PBL) - ANS-focuses on giving an open-ended question and
complex problem to a group of students and having them figure out the best solution to
the problem
4 Steps to PBL - ANS-1. Learners are presented with a problem; 2. group develop
theories to explain the problem; 3. Learners work independently to come up with
solutions; 4. Regroup to compare solutions and develop a plan.
Critical Theory - ANS-a philosophy that involves being critical of the prevailing view of
society
, Critical theory in education - ANS-is about questioning how our educational system can
best offer education to all people
Problems with access to technology - ANS-poorer schools can have a harder time
getting technology in the hands of their students; poor students have lower
technological fluency than middle- and upper-class students.
Humanism - ANS-a branch of psychology related to the theories Abraham Maslow and
Carl Rogers, has at its core the idea that people want to grow and fulfill their ultimate
potential.
Learning activities - ANS-events students participate in that support learning,
considering the students' unique needs and perspectives.
differentiate - ANS-change up content
learning objectives - ANS-topics that are required to cover
learner profile - ANS-students' cultures, genders, learning styles, and other aspects all
go into making them who they are and contribute to how they learn
To differentiate for students, a teacher can: - ANS-1. differentiate teaching methods so
different styles of learning, such as tactile and auditory, are incorporated.
2. teach in whole and small group situations.
3. reinforce learning in one-on-one learning sessions
4. Allow students varying methods of showing their understanding of content, such as
presentations and tests.
background knowledge - ANS-what is already known
schema - ANS-thoughts that students already have about a topic
Learner-centered teachers - ANS-shift the teacher's role from being a provider of
information to being a facilitator of learnign
Why is learner-centered teaching important? - ANS-1. You increase each student's
motivation to remain engaged in the learning process
2. learner-centered teaching fosters independence
3. it allows for individual differences in student learning styles
4. social engagement is greatly increased.
Characteristics of learner-centered teachers are - ANS-1. engages students in the
preview, review, and evaluation of work.
2. explicitly teaches skills.
3. gets students to think about how they learn
4. allows students control over their own learning process
5. encourages collaboration
Exam-Graded A
Behaviorism - ANS-people's actions are driven by a need to gain rewards or avoid
punishments.
Reinforcement - ANS-meant to increase a good behavior; a reward
Punishment - ANS-meant to decrease bad behavior
Positive reinforcement - ANS-involves giving someone something that he or she wants
Negative reinforcement - ANS-taking away something that someone does not want
Positive punishment - ANS-involves giving someone something that he or she does not
want
Negative punishment - ANS-involves taking away something that someone does want
Extinction - ANS-decreases the chances of a response to something by withdrawing
reinforcement of the behavior; like a reset button
Constructivism - ANS-a philosophy of education that says that people construct
knowledge through their experiences and interactions with the world
Social learning - ANS-learning through interactions with other people
Vyogtsky's Zone of Proximal Development - ANS-people learn best from other people
who are just a little ahead of them
Project-based learning (PBL) - ANS-focuses on giving an open-ended question and
complex problem to a group of students and having them figure out the best solution to
the problem
4 Steps to PBL - ANS-1. Learners are presented with a problem; 2. group develop
theories to explain the problem; 3. Learners work independently to come up with
solutions; 4. Regroup to compare solutions and develop a plan.
Critical Theory - ANS-a philosophy that involves being critical of the prevailing view of
society
, Critical theory in education - ANS-is about questioning how our educational system can
best offer education to all people
Problems with access to technology - ANS-poorer schools can have a harder time
getting technology in the hands of their students; poor students have lower
technological fluency than middle- and upper-class students.
Humanism - ANS-a branch of psychology related to the theories Abraham Maslow and
Carl Rogers, has at its core the idea that people want to grow and fulfill their ultimate
potential.
Learning activities - ANS-events students participate in that support learning,
considering the students' unique needs and perspectives.
differentiate - ANS-change up content
learning objectives - ANS-topics that are required to cover
learner profile - ANS-students' cultures, genders, learning styles, and other aspects all
go into making them who they are and contribute to how they learn
To differentiate for students, a teacher can: - ANS-1. differentiate teaching methods so
different styles of learning, such as tactile and auditory, are incorporated.
2. teach in whole and small group situations.
3. reinforce learning in one-on-one learning sessions
4. Allow students varying methods of showing their understanding of content, such as
presentations and tests.
background knowledge - ANS-what is already known
schema - ANS-thoughts that students already have about a topic
Learner-centered teachers - ANS-shift the teacher's role from being a provider of
information to being a facilitator of learnign
Why is learner-centered teaching important? - ANS-1. You increase each student's
motivation to remain engaged in the learning process
2. learner-centered teaching fosters independence
3. it allows for individual differences in student learning styles
4. social engagement is greatly increased.
Characteristics of learner-centered teachers are - ANS-1. engages students in the
preview, review, and evaluation of work.
2. explicitly teaches skills.
3. gets students to think about how they learn
4. allows students control over their own learning process
5. encourages collaboration
