BIO 253 – Hondros College Final Exam | Objective
Assessment with Actual Exam Questions and
Correct Answers | Guaranteed A+ Pass
What fluid comes out of the glomerulus? - ANSWER -filtrate
What is filtrate? - ANSWER -mostly water, electrolytes, nutrients, and waste
products. Glucose is normal in filtrate.
-similar to blood plasma
Reabsorption in the Nephron Loop - ANSWER -Only water is absorbed in the
descending limb. Na+ chloride is absorbed in the ascending limb (no water).
Status of water coming out of nephron loop? - ANSWER -@ Lowest
concentration (diluted)
Process taking place in nephron loop? - ANSWER -Countercurrent mechanism
(dilutes the urine). Can also create concentrated urine from the Na+ absorbed in the
ascending limb.
tubular secretion - ANSWER --selectively moves substances from blood to filtrate
in renal tubules and collecting ducts
-From blood to tubular
-Usually in the distal tubule
-K+, H+, Uric acid, Penicillin are secreted
Hormones that regulate kidney function - ANSWER -directly :
ADH
Aldosterone
ANH
indirectly :
Renin (created by kidney)
Angiotensin
, Aldosterone function - ANSWER --decreases sodium and water loss in urine by
returning sodium and water to the blood
Aldosterone: Target Cells - ANSWER -kidneys
ANH function - ANSWER -Tells kidneys that blood volume is too high, so dumps
out H20 and Na+
Effects of ADH - ANSWER -increases reabsorption of water from urine back into
plasma and therefore, decreases the volume of water that is excreted
-secreted by posterior pituitary gland
-when a person is dehydrated, hypothalamus makes them thirsty and retains more
water because of the ADH
flow of urine through kidney - ANSWER -Glomerulus
Bowmans Capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Papillary duct
Minor calyx
Major calyx
Renal pelvis
Ureter
Urinary Bladder
Urethra
Needed to form a blood clot - ANSWER -Ca+, K+, fibrinogen, platlets
Hepatic drains blood from - ANSWER -small intestine, spleen, pancreas, stomach
supplies the liver with blood form the aorta
, Parts of the nephron in order - ANSWER -Bowmans Capsule -> Proximal Tubule
-> Loop of Henle -> Distal Tubule -> Collecting duct
function of upper respiratory tract - ANSWER -filters, warms, and humidifies air
function of lower respiratory tract - ANSWER -Transports air to lungs for gas
exchange
Upper respiratory structures - ANSWER -nasal naries, nasal cavity, pharynx,
larynx
Lower respiratory structures - ANSWER -trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli,
lungs, bronchiole tree
Proximal tubule function - ANSWER -tubular reabsorption, it reabsorbs from the
filtrate the "good stuff" and puts it back into the blood
Glomerulus function - ANSWER -produces ultra filtrate which then passes
through tubules. Capsules block passage of red blood cells and large molecules like
protein
distal convoluted tubule function - ANSWER -secretion
Urine normal range - ANSWER -book says 6 : (4.5-8)
Substances that should not be found in filtrate - ANSWER -Protein, blood
substances that should not be found in urine - ANSWER -blood, protein, glucose
Aldosterone - ANSWER -Hormone that stimulates the kidney to retain sodium
ions and water
-adrenal cortex
Assessment with Actual Exam Questions and
Correct Answers | Guaranteed A+ Pass
What fluid comes out of the glomerulus? - ANSWER -filtrate
What is filtrate? - ANSWER -mostly water, electrolytes, nutrients, and waste
products. Glucose is normal in filtrate.
-similar to blood plasma
Reabsorption in the Nephron Loop - ANSWER -Only water is absorbed in the
descending limb. Na+ chloride is absorbed in the ascending limb (no water).
Status of water coming out of nephron loop? - ANSWER -@ Lowest
concentration (diluted)
Process taking place in nephron loop? - ANSWER -Countercurrent mechanism
(dilutes the urine). Can also create concentrated urine from the Na+ absorbed in the
ascending limb.
tubular secretion - ANSWER --selectively moves substances from blood to filtrate
in renal tubules and collecting ducts
-From blood to tubular
-Usually in the distal tubule
-K+, H+, Uric acid, Penicillin are secreted
Hormones that regulate kidney function - ANSWER -directly :
ADH
Aldosterone
ANH
indirectly :
Renin (created by kidney)
Angiotensin
, Aldosterone function - ANSWER --decreases sodium and water loss in urine by
returning sodium and water to the blood
Aldosterone: Target Cells - ANSWER -kidneys
ANH function - ANSWER -Tells kidneys that blood volume is too high, so dumps
out H20 and Na+
Effects of ADH - ANSWER -increases reabsorption of water from urine back into
plasma and therefore, decreases the volume of water that is excreted
-secreted by posterior pituitary gland
-when a person is dehydrated, hypothalamus makes them thirsty and retains more
water because of the ADH
flow of urine through kidney - ANSWER -Glomerulus
Bowmans Capsule
Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
Papillary duct
Minor calyx
Major calyx
Renal pelvis
Ureter
Urinary Bladder
Urethra
Needed to form a blood clot - ANSWER -Ca+, K+, fibrinogen, platlets
Hepatic drains blood from - ANSWER -small intestine, spleen, pancreas, stomach
supplies the liver with blood form the aorta
, Parts of the nephron in order - ANSWER -Bowmans Capsule -> Proximal Tubule
-> Loop of Henle -> Distal Tubule -> Collecting duct
function of upper respiratory tract - ANSWER -filters, warms, and humidifies air
function of lower respiratory tract - ANSWER -Transports air to lungs for gas
exchange
Upper respiratory structures - ANSWER -nasal naries, nasal cavity, pharynx,
larynx
Lower respiratory structures - ANSWER -trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli,
lungs, bronchiole tree
Proximal tubule function - ANSWER -tubular reabsorption, it reabsorbs from the
filtrate the "good stuff" and puts it back into the blood
Glomerulus function - ANSWER -produces ultra filtrate which then passes
through tubules. Capsules block passage of red blood cells and large molecules like
protein
distal convoluted tubule function - ANSWER -secretion
Urine normal range - ANSWER -book says 6 : (4.5-8)
Substances that should not be found in filtrate - ANSWER -Protein, blood
substances that should not be found in urine - ANSWER -blood, protein, glucose
Aldosterone - ANSWER -Hormone that stimulates the kidney to retain sodium
ions and water
-adrenal cortex
