McCance Huether Pathophysiology
Test 1 Complete Questions With
Verified Solutions
\Q\.central nervous system (CNS) - ANSWER-✔consists of brain and spinal cord, enclosed within
the cranial vault and vertebrae
\Q\.peripheral nervous system (PNS) - ANSWER-✔composed of cranial nerves and spinal nerves
also can be divided into somatic and autonomic nervous systems
\Q\.cranial nerves - ANSWER-✔project from the brain and pass through foramina in the skull
\Q\.spinal nerves - ANSWER-✔project from the spinal cord and pass through intervertebral
foramina of the vertebrae
\Q\.afferent - ANSWER-✔pathways that carry sensory impulses toward the CNS
\Q\.efferent - ANSWER-✔descending pathways carrying sensory impulses from the CNS to
effector organs
\Q\.somatic nervous system - ANSWER-✔consist of motor and sensory pathways regulating
voluntary motor control of skeletal muscle
,\Q\.autonomic nervous system - ANSWER-✔consists of motor and sensory components and is
involved with regulation of the body's internal environment through involuntary control of
organ systems
-can be further divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic
\Q\.microtubules - ANSWER-✔made of protein and believed to be involved in transport of
cellular products
\Q\.neuroglial cells - ANSWER-✔found in the CNS and PNS and can provide structural support
and nutrition for neurons, remove debris, increase speed of nerve impulses, and play a role in
memory
\Q\.Nissl substances - ANSWER-✔consist of ER and ribosomes and are involved in protein
synthesis
\Q\.nuclei - ANSWER-✔dense, packed cell bodies in the CNS
\Q\.ganglia - ANSWER-✔groups of cells bodies in the PNS
\Q\.dendrites - ANSWER-✔extensions that carry nerve impulses toward the cell body
\Q\.dendritic zone - ANSWER-✔the receptive portion of a neuron that receives a stimulus and
continues further conduction
\Q\.axons - ANSWER-✔long, conductive projections from the cell body that carry nerve
impulses away from the cell body
,\Q\.axon hillock - ANSWER-✔the cone-shaped, organelle-free area where the axon leaves the
cell body
\Q\.fascicles - ANSWER-✔bundles of axons in large nerves
\Q\.myelin - ANSWER-✔an insulating substance made of a segmented layer of lipid material
\Q\.endoneurium - ANSWER-✔a delicate connective tissue around each axon in the PNS
\Q\.nodes of Ranvier - ANSWER-✔interruptions in the neurilemma and myelin sheath
\Q\.saltatory conduction - ANSWER-✔process by which ions can flow between segments rather
than along the entire length of the membrane, resulting in increased velocity of neuronal
conduction
\Q\.divergence - ANSWER-✔ability of branching axons to influence many different neurons
\Q\.convergence - ANSWER-✔branches of numerous neurons converging on and influencing
one or a few nuerons
\Q\.larger - ANSWER-✔_________axons transmit impulses at a faster rate
\Q\.unipolar - ANSWER-✔neurons have one process that branches shortly after leaving the cell
body.
\Q\.pseudounipolar - ANSWER-✔neurons that have one process that has its dendritic portion
extending away from the CNS and its axon portion projecting into the CNS
, -typical of sensory neurons in cranial and spinal nerves
\Q\.bipolar - ANSWER-✔neurons that have two distinct processes arising from the cell body;
example: neuron connecting rod and cone cells of the retina
\Q\.multipolar - ANSWER-✔neurons that are the most common and have multiple dendrites
and a single axon; example: most motor neurons
\Q\.sensory - ANSWER-✔neurons that carry im,pulses from peripheral sensory receptors to the
CNS
\Q\.interneurons - ANSWER-✔transmit impulses from neuron to neuron and are also involved in
cognitive function
\Q\.motor - ANSWER-✔neurons that transmit impulses away from the CNS to an effector organ
\Q\.neuroglia - ANSWER-✔most numerous type of CNS cell
\Q\.astrocyte - ANSWER-✔a neuroglial cell that fills spaces between neurons and surrounds
blood vessels in the CNS
\Q\.oligodendrocyte - ANSWER-✔a neuroglial cell that functions to deposit myelin within the
CNS; the CNS counterpart of the Schwann cells
\Q\.ependymal - ANSWER-✔neuroglial cell that lines the CSF-filled cavities in the CNS
\Q\.microglia - ANSWER-✔remove debris through phagocytosis in the CNS
Test 1 Complete Questions With
Verified Solutions
\Q\.central nervous system (CNS) - ANSWER-✔consists of brain and spinal cord, enclosed within
the cranial vault and vertebrae
\Q\.peripheral nervous system (PNS) - ANSWER-✔composed of cranial nerves and spinal nerves
also can be divided into somatic and autonomic nervous systems
\Q\.cranial nerves - ANSWER-✔project from the brain and pass through foramina in the skull
\Q\.spinal nerves - ANSWER-✔project from the spinal cord and pass through intervertebral
foramina of the vertebrae
\Q\.afferent - ANSWER-✔pathways that carry sensory impulses toward the CNS
\Q\.efferent - ANSWER-✔descending pathways carrying sensory impulses from the CNS to
effector organs
\Q\.somatic nervous system - ANSWER-✔consist of motor and sensory pathways regulating
voluntary motor control of skeletal muscle
,\Q\.autonomic nervous system - ANSWER-✔consists of motor and sensory components and is
involved with regulation of the body's internal environment through involuntary control of
organ systems
-can be further divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic
\Q\.microtubules - ANSWER-✔made of protein and believed to be involved in transport of
cellular products
\Q\.neuroglial cells - ANSWER-✔found in the CNS and PNS and can provide structural support
and nutrition for neurons, remove debris, increase speed of nerve impulses, and play a role in
memory
\Q\.Nissl substances - ANSWER-✔consist of ER and ribosomes and are involved in protein
synthesis
\Q\.nuclei - ANSWER-✔dense, packed cell bodies in the CNS
\Q\.ganglia - ANSWER-✔groups of cells bodies in the PNS
\Q\.dendrites - ANSWER-✔extensions that carry nerve impulses toward the cell body
\Q\.dendritic zone - ANSWER-✔the receptive portion of a neuron that receives a stimulus and
continues further conduction
\Q\.axons - ANSWER-✔long, conductive projections from the cell body that carry nerve
impulses away from the cell body
,\Q\.axon hillock - ANSWER-✔the cone-shaped, organelle-free area where the axon leaves the
cell body
\Q\.fascicles - ANSWER-✔bundles of axons in large nerves
\Q\.myelin - ANSWER-✔an insulating substance made of a segmented layer of lipid material
\Q\.endoneurium - ANSWER-✔a delicate connective tissue around each axon in the PNS
\Q\.nodes of Ranvier - ANSWER-✔interruptions in the neurilemma and myelin sheath
\Q\.saltatory conduction - ANSWER-✔process by which ions can flow between segments rather
than along the entire length of the membrane, resulting in increased velocity of neuronal
conduction
\Q\.divergence - ANSWER-✔ability of branching axons to influence many different neurons
\Q\.convergence - ANSWER-✔branches of numerous neurons converging on and influencing
one or a few nuerons
\Q\.larger - ANSWER-✔_________axons transmit impulses at a faster rate
\Q\.unipolar - ANSWER-✔neurons have one process that branches shortly after leaving the cell
body.
\Q\.pseudounipolar - ANSWER-✔neurons that have one process that has its dendritic portion
extending away from the CNS and its axon portion projecting into the CNS
, -typical of sensory neurons in cranial and spinal nerves
\Q\.bipolar - ANSWER-✔neurons that have two distinct processes arising from the cell body;
example: neuron connecting rod and cone cells of the retina
\Q\.multipolar - ANSWER-✔neurons that are the most common and have multiple dendrites
and a single axon; example: most motor neurons
\Q\.sensory - ANSWER-✔neurons that carry im,pulses from peripheral sensory receptors to the
CNS
\Q\.interneurons - ANSWER-✔transmit impulses from neuron to neuron and are also involved in
cognitive function
\Q\.motor - ANSWER-✔neurons that transmit impulses away from the CNS to an effector organ
\Q\.neuroglia - ANSWER-✔most numerous type of CNS cell
\Q\.astrocyte - ANSWER-✔a neuroglial cell that fills spaces between neurons and surrounds
blood vessels in the CNS
\Q\.oligodendrocyte - ANSWER-✔a neuroglial cell that functions to deposit myelin within the
CNS; the CNS counterpart of the Schwann cells
\Q\.ependymal - ANSWER-✔neuroglial cell that lines the CSF-filled cavities in the CNS
\Q\.microglia - ANSWER-✔remove debris through phagocytosis in the CNS
