COGSCI 180 MIDTERM REVIEW
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Why0did0people0start0questioning0personal0identity?0-
0ans✔Industrial0Revolution0allowed0for0social0mobility0
-0need0for0individual0talent
What0disciplines0does0this0course0draw0from?0-0ans✔-0philosophy
-0neuroscience
-0psychology
Early0philosophers0were0either0_____0or0_____.0-0ans✔-0idealists
-0dualists
Idealists0-0ans✔view0that0everything0is0mind
Dualists0-0ans✔view0that0mind0and0body0are0very0different
-0Rene0Descartes
Which0view0is0more0popular0in0recent0years?0Idealism,0materialism,0or0dualism?0-
0ans✔materialism
Materialism0-0ans✔view0that0mental0states0are0physical
-
0Ex:0behaviorism,0mind0brain0identity0theory,0functionalism,0computational0theory0of0mi
nd
Plato's0Forms0-0ans✔higher0realm0of0ideal0perfection0
-0truth,0beauty,0moral0goodness
Mind-Body0Problem0-0ans✔what0is0the0relationship0between0the0body0and0the0brain?
-0distinction0between0physical0and0mental0properties
Monism0-0ans✔there0is0only0one0kind0of0substance0in0the0world
-0materialism
Transcendental0Idealism0-
0ans✔idealism0+0empiricism,0emphasizing0importance0of0sensory0experience
, -0Immanuel0Kant
Immanuel0Kant0-0ans✔stressed0importance0of0observance
Descartes0-0ans✔-0how0can0anyone0know0that0they0actually0exist?
0how0do0we0know0its0not0just0a0dream?
-0designed0evil0genius0thought0experiment
Brain-in-a-vat0Thought0Experiment0-
0ans✔are0we0brains0in0a0vat0being0controlled0by0an0evil0scientist?
0you0cant0rule0out0the0possibility0and0if0you0are0a0brain0in0a0vat0then0everything0you0k
now0is0wrong.0A0brain0in0a0vat0couldn't0explain0that0it's0a0brain0in0a0vat.0Skepticism0th
ought0experiment.
Behaviorism0-
0ans✔mind0is0black0box0that0you0can't0say0anything0verifiable0about,0so0mind0shouldn'
t0form0a0part0of0any0scientific0discussion
-0we0should0only0study0relation0between0stimuli0and0behavioral0responses
Mind-Brain0Identity0Theory0-
0ans✔states0and0processes0of0mind0are0identical0to0states0and0processes0of0the0brain
-0pain0and0mental0images0ARE0brain0processes,0not0just0correlated0with0them
-0self0and0free0will0are0epiphenomenal
Functionalism0-0ans✔-
0emphasis0on0function0to0understand0how0things0produce0their0effects0
-0what0makes0something0a0thought,0desire,0pain0is0its0function0
-0identity0of0mental0state0determined0by0causal0relations0to0sensory0stimulations
-0allows0high-level0understanding
Computational0Theory0of0Mind0-0ans✔-0materialist0view
-0human0mind0is0computational0system0realized0by0neural0activity0in0the0brain
Physical0Symbol0System0Hypothesis0-0ans✔-0Herbert0Simon0and0Allen0Newell
-
0a0physical0symbol0system0has0the0necessary0and0sufficient0means0for0general0intellig
ent0action
1.0anything0capable0of0intelligent0action0is0a0pss
2.0pass0sufficient0for0intelligence,0machines0can0be0constructed0that0are0intelligent
Chinese0Room0Argument0-0ans✔-
0tries0to0show0computational0theory0of0mind0and0pass0wrong
-0symbols0manipulated0to0produce0right0outputs,0but0no0genuine0understanding
Turing0Test0-0ans✔-0criterion0for0whether0machine0is0displaying0real0intelligence
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Why0did0people0start0questioning0personal0identity?0-
0ans✔Industrial0Revolution0allowed0for0social0mobility0
-0need0for0individual0talent
What0disciplines0does0this0course0draw0from?0-0ans✔-0philosophy
-0neuroscience
-0psychology
Early0philosophers0were0either0_____0or0_____.0-0ans✔-0idealists
-0dualists
Idealists0-0ans✔view0that0everything0is0mind
Dualists0-0ans✔view0that0mind0and0body0are0very0different
-0Rene0Descartes
Which0view0is0more0popular0in0recent0years?0Idealism,0materialism,0or0dualism?0-
0ans✔materialism
Materialism0-0ans✔view0that0mental0states0are0physical
-
0Ex:0behaviorism,0mind0brain0identity0theory,0functionalism,0computational0theory0of0mi
nd
Plato's0Forms0-0ans✔higher0realm0of0ideal0perfection0
-0truth,0beauty,0moral0goodness
Mind-Body0Problem0-0ans✔what0is0the0relationship0between0the0body0and0the0brain?
-0distinction0between0physical0and0mental0properties
Monism0-0ans✔there0is0only0one0kind0of0substance0in0the0world
-0materialism
Transcendental0Idealism0-
0ans✔idealism0+0empiricism,0emphasizing0importance0of0sensory0experience
, -0Immanuel0Kant
Immanuel0Kant0-0ans✔stressed0importance0of0observance
Descartes0-0ans✔-0how0can0anyone0know0that0they0actually0exist?
0how0do0we0know0its0not0just0a0dream?
-0designed0evil0genius0thought0experiment
Brain-in-a-vat0Thought0Experiment0-
0ans✔are0we0brains0in0a0vat0being0controlled0by0an0evil0scientist?
0you0cant0rule0out0the0possibility0and0if0you0are0a0brain0in0a0vat0then0everything0you0k
now0is0wrong.0A0brain0in0a0vat0couldn't0explain0that0it's0a0brain0in0a0vat.0Skepticism0th
ought0experiment.
Behaviorism0-
0ans✔mind0is0black0box0that0you0can't0say0anything0verifiable0about,0so0mind0shouldn'
t0form0a0part0of0any0scientific0discussion
-0we0should0only0study0relation0between0stimuli0and0behavioral0responses
Mind-Brain0Identity0Theory0-
0ans✔states0and0processes0of0mind0are0identical0to0states0and0processes0of0the0brain
-0pain0and0mental0images0ARE0brain0processes,0not0just0correlated0with0them
-0self0and0free0will0are0epiphenomenal
Functionalism0-0ans✔-
0emphasis0on0function0to0understand0how0things0produce0their0effects0
-0what0makes0something0a0thought,0desire,0pain0is0its0function0
-0identity0of0mental0state0determined0by0causal0relations0to0sensory0stimulations
-0allows0high-level0understanding
Computational0Theory0of0Mind0-0ans✔-0materialist0view
-0human0mind0is0computational0system0realized0by0neural0activity0in0the0brain
Physical0Symbol0System0Hypothesis0-0ans✔-0Herbert0Simon0and0Allen0Newell
-
0a0physical0symbol0system0has0the0necessary0and0sufficient0means0for0general0intellig
ent0action
1.0anything0capable0of0intelligent0action0is0a0pss
2.0pass0sufficient0for0intelligence,0machines0can0be0constructed0that0are0intelligent
Chinese0Room0Argument0-0ans✔-
0tries0to0show0computational0theory0of0mind0and0pass0wrong
-0symbols0manipulated0to0produce0right0outputs,0but0no0genuine0understanding
Turing0Test0-0ans✔-0criterion0for0whether0machine0is0displaying0real0intelligence
