PNH 101 Final Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed
Infancy (1 month-1 year): Physical development - Answers Rapid growth, motor skills (head
control to walking), teething begins.
Infancy: Cognitive development - Answers Piaget's Sensorimotor stage: exploration through
senses, object permanence emerges.
Infancy: Psychosocial development - Answers Erikson's Trust vs. Mistrust: Needs must be
consistently met to develop trust.
Toddler (1-3 years): Physical development - Answers Improved coordination and mobility; fine
motor skills like stacking and drawing begin.
Toddler: Cognitive development - Answers Piaget's Preoperational stage begins: language
development, symbolic thinking.
Toddler: Psychosocial development - Answers Erikson's Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt:
Learns control, independence.
Preschool (3-5 years): Physical development - Answers Increased coordination; runs, draws,
climbs, improved fine motor skills.
Preschool: Cognitive development - Answers Preoperational continues: egocentrism, magical
thinking, imagination develops.
Preschool: Psychosocial development - Answers Erikson's Initiative vs. Guilt: Asserts control,
explores, imitates adults.
School-age (6-11 years): Physical development - Answers Steady growth, strength and
coordination improve.
School-age: Cognitive development - Answers Piaget's Concrete Operational stage: logical
thinking, understands conservation.
School-age: Psychosocial development - Answers Erikson's Industry vs. Inferiority: Mastery of
tasks builds confidence.
Adolescence (12-19 years): Physical development - Answers Puberty, growth spurts,
development of sexual characteristics.
Adolescence: Cognitive development - Answers Piaget's Formal Operational stage: abstract,
hypothetical thinking.
Adolescence: Psychosocial development - Answers Erikson's Identity vs. Role Confusion:
Exploring personal identity and values.
, Young Adult (20-35 years): Physical development - Answers Peak physical fitness, full organ
development.
Young Adult: Cognitive development - Answers Formal operational stage continues; focus on
career, relationships.
Young Adult: Psychosocial development - Answers Erikson's Intimacy vs. Isolation: Seeks close
relationships.
Middle Adult (35-65 years): Physical development - Answers Aging signs begin (e.g., decreased
muscle mass, menopause).
Middle Adult: Cognitive development - Answers Maintains problem-solving and creativity;
crystallized intelligence grows.
Middle Adult: Psychosocial development - Answers Erikson's Generativity vs. Stagnation: Focus
on contribution and purpose.
Older Adult (65+ years): Physical development - Answers Reduced mobility and senses, chronic
illnesses common.
Older Adult: Cognitive development - Answers Normal aging may slow thinking, but memory
should remain mostly intact.
Older Adult: Psychosocial development - Answers Erikson's Integrity vs. Despair: Reflects on life
with satisfaction or regret.
Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory - Answers Sensorimotor (0-2): senses & actions;
Preoperational (2-7): symbolic play; Concrete Operational (7-11): logical thinking; Formal
Operational (12+): abstract reasoning.
Freud's Psychosexual Development - Answers Oral (0-1), Anal (1-3), Phallic (3-6), Latency (6-12),
Genital (12+); development focuses on erogenous zones.
Erikson's Psychosocial Stages - Answers 8 stages from birth to old age: Trust vs. Mistrust →
Integrity vs. Despair; each stage involves conflict and resolution.
Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory - Answers Preconventional: obey rules to avoid
punishment; Conventional: gain approval, uphold laws; Postconventional: guided by universal
ethics.
Kubler-Ross 5 Stages of Grief - Answers Denial → Anger → Bargaining → Depression →
Acceptance. Not always linear.
Worden's Tasks of Mourning - Answers 1. Accept the reality of loss; 2. Experience the pain; 3.
Adjust to life without the person; 4. Maintain a connection while moving forward.
Infancy (1 month-1 year): Physical development - Answers Rapid growth, motor skills (head
control to walking), teething begins.
Infancy: Cognitive development - Answers Piaget's Sensorimotor stage: exploration through
senses, object permanence emerges.
Infancy: Psychosocial development - Answers Erikson's Trust vs. Mistrust: Needs must be
consistently met to develop trust.
Toddler (1-3 years): Physical development - Answers Improved coordination and mobility; fine
motor skills like stacking and drawing begin.
Toddler: Cognitive development - Answers Piaget's Preoperational stage begins: language
development, symbolic thinking.
Toddler: Psychosocial development - Answers Erikson's Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt:
Learns control, independence.
Preschool (3-5 years): Physical development - Answers Increased coordination; runs, draws,
climbs, improved fine motor skills.
Preschool: Cognitive development - Answers Preoperational continues: egocentrism, magical
thinking, imagination develops.
Preschool: Psychosocial development - Answers Erikson's Initiative vs. Guilt: Asserts control,
explores, imitates adults.
School-age (6-11 years): Physical development - Answers Steady growth, strength and
coordination improve.
School-age: Cognitive development - Answers Piaget's Concrete Operational stage: logical
thinking, understands conservation.
School-age: Psychosocial development - Answers Erikson's Industry vs. Inferiority: Mastery of
tasks builds confidence.
Adolescence (12-19 years): Physical development - Answers Puberty, growth spurts,
development of sexual characteristics.
Adolescence: Cognitive development - Answers Piaget's Formal Operational stage: abstract,
hypothetical thinking.
Adolescence: Psychosocial development - Answers Erikson's Identity vs. Role Confusion:
Exploring personal identity and values.
, Young Adult (20-35 years): Physical development - Answers Peak physical fitness, full organ
development.
Young Adult: Cognitive development - Answers Formal operational stage continues; focus on
career, relationships.
Young Adult: Psychosocial development - Answers Erikson's Intimacy vs. Isolation: Seeks close
relationships.
Middle Adult (35-65 years): Physical development - Answers Aging signs begin (e.g., decreased
muscle mass, menopause).
Middle Adult: Cognitive development - Answers Maintains problem-solving and creativity;
crystallized intelligence grows.
Middle Adult: Psychosocial development - Answers Erikson's Generativity vs. Stagnation: Focus
on contribution and purpose.
Older Adult (65+ years): Physical development - Answers Reduced mobility and senses, chronic
illnesses common.
Older Adult: Cognitive development - Answers Normal aging may slow thinking, but memory
should remain mostly intact.
Older Adult: Psychosocial development - Answers Erikson's Integrity vs. Despair: Reflects on life
with satisfaction or regret.
Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory - Answers Sensorimotor (0-2): senses & actions;
Preoperational (2-7): symbolic play; Concrete Operational (7-11): logical thinking; Formal
Operational (12+): abstract reasoning.
Freud's Psychosexual Development - Answers Oral (0-1), Anal (1-3), Phallic (3-6), Latency (6-12),
Genital (12+); development focuses on erogenous zones.
Erikson's Psychosocial Stages - Answers 8 stages from birth to old age: Trust vs. Mistrust →
Integrity vs. Despair; each stage involves conflict and resolution.
Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory - Answers Preconventional: obey rules to avoid
punishment; Conventional: gain approval, uphold laws; Postconventional: guided by universal
ethics.
Kubler-Ross 5 Stages of Grief - Answers Denial → Anger → Bargaining → Depression →
Acceptance. Not always linear.
Worden's Tasks of Mourning - Answers 1. Accept the reality of loss; 2. Experience the pain; 3.
Adjust to life without the person; 4. Maintain a connection while moving forward.
