MN551 – Quiz 5 --Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Across the Life Span - Midterm

MN551 – Quiz 5 --Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Across the Life Span - Midterm Structure and function of the kidney S A 77 year old female hospital patient has contracted Clostridium difficile during her stay and is experiencing severe diarrhea. Which of the following statements best conveys a risk that this woman faces? She is susceptible to isotonic fluid volume deficit. ---This woman is at risk of isotonic fluid volume deficit and sodium imbalances as a result of her diarrhea. She is not likely to develop fluid volume excess or third spacing as consequences of diarrhea. Which diuretic acts by inhibiting sodium chloride reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle? (Points : 0.4) Bumetanide (Bumex) Mannitol (Osmitrol) Hydrochlorothiazide (Hydrodiuril) hydrochlorothiazide act on the distal convoluted tubule and inhibit the sodium-chloride symporter leading to a retention of water in the urine, as water normally follows penetrating solutes. Acetazolamide (Diamox) A 77 year old female with a diagnosis of copd is experiencing impaired gas exchange and CO2 retention, despite a rapid respiratory rate. Which of the following phenomena would her care team most realistically anticipate? Her kidneys will adapt with an increase in plasma HCO3- and her pH will decrease. Respiratory acidosis is accompanied by renal adaptation with a more marked increase in plasma HCO3- and a lesser decrease in pH. Her pH is likely below 7.35, and the likely renal response involves the reabsorption of HCO3- and secretion of H+. Excess CO2 production is not a common manifestation of obstructive lung disease. A 68 year old woman with a new onset a vascular dementia has recently begun retaining urine. Which of the following physiological phenomena would her care providers most realistically expect to be currently occurring as a result of her urinary retention? Hypertrophy of the bladder muscle and increased bladder wall thickness. Early accompaniments to urinary retention include hypertrophy of the bladder muscle and increased thickness of the bladder wall. Renal effects are unlikely, and decompensation and loss of contraction power are most often later rather than early effects. An 87 year old male resident has been consistenly continent of urine until the last several weeks. Which of the following action by the care providers at the facility is the most likely priority? Physical exam The priority in the treatment of incontinence in the elderly is an acknowledgement that it is not an inevitability and that the exact causes should and most often can be identified. This identification by way of history-taking and examination would supersede teaching about protective devices or exercis Question 2.2. At which of the following locations in the nephron would a nurse practitioner first expect blood to be largely free of plasma proteins? (Points : 0.4) Proximal convoluted tubule Bowman space Active filtration occurs when the whole blood enters via the afferent arteriole in to the glomerular capillaries, and the blood is then filtered into the Bowman space, removing plasma proteins. The filtrate that enters the proximal convoluted tubule and the loop of Henle is already free of plasma proteins Loop of Henle